To solve the rural drinking water problem is a major livelihood project，the safety of drinking water is related to people＇s wellbeing． Based on the data from 2005 to 2015，this paper analyzes the regional characteristics of rural centralized water supply in Shandong Province from the aspects of water supply mode，water source and water quality． The results show that the rural centralized water supply projects in hilly land of mid-South Shandong Province and low hilly region of Jiaodong Peninsula are mainly based on the single-village water supply mode and the projects in Northwest and Southwest of Shandong Province of the Yellow Ｒiver flood-plains are mainly based on the union-village water supply mode． Most of the rural centralized water supply projects have access to groundwater，but the actual amount of water taken from groundwater and surface water is almost the same． To the most of the water supply projects the quality of water source is good，while a small number of water supply projects have water quality problems like high fluoride，bitter，iron and so on，which are mainly caused by the geological environment and which show a certain regional distribution． Based on this，the paper identifies problems and makes some suggestions so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rural drinking water safety improvement of the 13th five-year plan．