Based on the channel water infiltration theory and the experimental data of channel flow and loss, this paper studies the process of channel water infiltration, analyzes the influencing factors of infiltration, and establishes channel water loss and canal characteristics (canal distribution, channel section, design flow). The relationship between the characteristics of the canal bed (type of lining, soil texture, depth of groundwater, etc.), the empirical formula of the original water loss coefficient is improved, and it is concluded that both the Kostiakov empirical formula calculation and the integral improvement formula calculation, the channel flow rate and the length are It has a positive correlation with the channel loss flow, but with the increase of the channel length, the Kostiakov empirical formula shows a deficiency, and the relative error between the calculation result and the calculation result of the integral improvement formula is gradually increased. At the same time, the improved empirical formula was verified by using the measured data by using the dynamic water measurement method in the irrigation area of the Jiangxio Plain of Jiangxi Province. The verification results show that the irrigation water utilization coefficient of a certain channel is used as an expansion index in the calculation process of the improved empirical formula method. The flow of other channels can not truly reflect the whole channel system, which is different from the actual situation. However, the results obtained by the improved empirical formula represent the existing lining conditions of the channel, which is more reasonable and reliable.