
Research on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Changes of Vegetation Coverage in Kashgar City from 1995 to 2020
Yu-xiang SUN, Maimaitituxun·Maimaiti, Mahemujiang·Aihemaiti, Hong-fei TAO, Qiao LI
Research on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Changes of Vegetation Coverage in Kashgar City from 1995 to 2020
In order to reveal and discuss the spatial dynamics and driving factors of vegetation coverage in Kashgar, Landsat series satellite data is used as the data source, based on the Normalized Differente Vegetation Index (NDVI) and pixel dichotomy model, ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.3 software is used to estimate the vegetation coverage of Kashgar, and the vegetation coverage from 1995 to 2020 is studied.The research results show that: ① The overall vegetation in Kashgar is mainly high vegetation coverage, and the medium and low vegetation coverage are relatively fragmented and distributed around the high vegetation coverage in the farmland protection forests around the city center and on both sides of the rural road; ② From 1995 to 2020, the vegetation coverage and coverage area of Kashgar City showed an increasing trend. In 2020, the vegetation coverage area increased by 172.6 km2 compared with 1994, an increase of 36.3%. ③ The regional and time-based improvement and degradation of vegetation coverage in Kashgar will coexist. In terms of time period, the degradation is obvious from 2010 to 2015, and the area of improvement was the largest from 2015 to 2020. Regionally, the urban area is the most degraded, and the four townships in the east have improved the most. The total and high vegetation coverage centroids move linearly to the four townships in the east by 6.39 km and 8.69 km, the migration speed of the above two centroids accelerated significantly from 2010 to 2020; ④ The increase in precipitation and temperature in Kashgar City, combined with the acceleration of urbanization and frequent human activities are the main reasons for the changes in vegetation coverage in recent years. Among them, the increase in the area of forest land and arable land contribute the most to vegetation coverage. It can be seen that this paper can provide a scientific reference for the ecological environment and sustainable development of Kashgar.
Kashgar City / normalized differente vegetation index / pixel binary model / vegetation coverage / remote sensing monitoring / driving force {{custom_keyword}} /
Tab.1 Classification table of dynamic changes of vegetation coverage in the study area表1 研究区植被覆盖度动态变化量划分等级表 |
变化量 | 划分等级 | 阈值范围 | 特征描述 |
---|---|---|---|
增加(+) | 极度改善(+3) | 0.66<ΔFVCg<1.00 | 裸地或极低覆盖区转为高植被覆盖区 |
中度改善(+2) | 0.33<ΔFVCg<0.66 | 裸地或极低覆盖区转为中植被覆盖区,中植被覆盖区转为高植被覆盖区 | |
轻度改善(+1) | 0<ΔFVCg<0.33 | 裸地或极低覆盖区转为低植被覆盖区,低植被覆盖区转为中植被覆盖区 | |
未变化(0) | 稳定 | 0 | 植被覆盖等级之间没有转移情况,保持未发生变化的稳定状态区域 |
减小(-) | 轻度退化(-1) | 0>ΔFVCg>-0.33 | 低植被覆盖区转为裸地或极低覆盖区,中植被覆盖区转为低植被覆盖区 |
中度退化(-2) | -0.33>ΔFVCg>-0.66 | 中植被覆盖区转为裸地或极低覆盖区,高植被覆盖区转为中植被覆盖区 | |
极度退化(-3) | -0.66>ΔFVCg>-1.00 | 高植被覆盖区转为裸地或极低覆盖区 |
Fig.4 The spatial distribution of the image difference of vegetation coverage in 6 periods of Kashgar City图4 喀什市6个时段植被覆盖度图像差值空间分布图 |
Tab.2 Summary of results of vegetation coverage image difference in 6 periods of Kashgar表2 喀什市6个时段植被覆盖度图像差值结果一览表 |
变化 时段 | 增加 | 未变化 | 减小 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
极度改善 | 中度改善 | 轻度改善 | 合计 | 轻度退化 | 中度退化 | 极度退化 | 合计 | |||||||||||
面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | |
1995-2000年 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 20.2 | 2.0 | 72.2 | 7.2 | 97.1 | 9.7 | 809.9 | 80.8 | 72.3 | 7.2 | 15.6 | 1.6 | 7.4 | 0.7 | 95.3 | 9.5 |
2000-2005年 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 20.5 | 2.1 | 78.1 | 7.8 | 105.6 | 10.5 | 823.7 | 82.2 | 59.5 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 73.0 | 7.3 |
2005-2010年 | 19.9 | 2.0 | 27.5 | 2.7 | 71.7 | 7.2 | 119.1 | 11.9 | 784.5 | 78.3 | 73.8 | 7.4 | 16.8 | 1.7 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 98.7 | 9.8 |
2010-2015年 | 32.2 | 3.2 | 36.8 | 3.7 | 74.8 | 7.5 | 143.7 | 14.3 | 734.0 | 73.2 | 82.6 | 8.2 | 24.6 | 2.5 | 17.4 | 1.7 | 124.6 | 12.4 |
2015-2020年 | 37.1 | 3.7 | 51.5 | 5.1 | 106.7 | 10.6 | 195.4 | 19.5 | 692.3 | 69.1 | 88.0 | 8.8 | 18.8 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 0.8 | 114.6 | 11.4 |
1995-2020年 | 124.0 | 12.4 | 88.2 | 8.8 | 91.6 | 9.1 | 303.8 | 30.3 | 512.7 | 51.2 | 107.1 | 10.7 | 41.9 | 4.2 | 36.7 | 3.7 | 185.7 | 18.5 |
Tab.3 The vegetation coverage grade transfer matrix of Kashgar City from 1995 to 2020表3 1995-2020年喀什市植被覆盖度等级转移矩阵 |
年份 | 等级 | 1995年 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
裸地或极低覆盖 | 低覆盖 | 中覆盖 | 高覆盖 | ||||||
面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | ||
2020年 | 裸地或极低覆盖 | 292.39 | 55.79 | 6.66 | 16.54 | 16.39 | 15.81 | 36.69 | 11.05 |
低覆盖 | 36.77 | 7.02 | 4.51 | 11.20 | 11.56 | 11.15 | 25.51 | 7.68 | |
中覆盖 | 71.49 | 13.64 | 12.52 | 31.07 | 33.60 | 32.43 | 87.59 | 26.38 | |
高覆盖 | 123.40 | 23.55 | 16.60 | 41.20 | 42.08 | 40.61 | 182.18 | 54.88 | |
变化量 | -172.99 | -32.93 | 38.20 | 94.77 | 102.09 | 98.50 | 32.32 | 9.74 |
Tab.4 Land use structure in different periods of Kashgar City from 1995 to 2020表4 喀什市1995-2020年不同时期土地利用结构 |
类型 | 1995年 | 2000年 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | |
耕地 | 400.04 | 46.28 | 410.00 | 40.89 | 429.65 | 42.85 | 425.07 | 42.40 | 457.22 | 45.60 | 452.48 | 45.13 |
林地 | 5.11 | 0.51 | 4.82 | 0.48 | 3.41 | 0.34 | 32.10 | 3.20 | 30.70 | 3.06 | 30.70 | 3.06 |
草地 | 130.10 | 12.98 | 116.84 | 11.65 | 103.39 | 10.31 | 99.09 | 9.88 | 71.77 | 7.16 | 71.76 | 7.16 |
水域 | 5.46 | 0.54 | 19.44 | 1.94 | 17.39 | 1.73 | 17.27 | 1.72 | 18.15 | 1.81 | 18.16 | 1.81 |
建设用地 | 13.84 | 1.38 | 39.51 | 3.94 | 42.64 | 4.25 | 71.89 | 7.17 | 113.93 | 11.36 | 119.04 | 11.87 |
未利用地 | 448.02 | 38.30 | 411.98 | 41.09 | 405.02 | 40.40 | 357.16 | 35.62 | 310.81 | 31.00 | 310.45 | 30.96 |
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