
Research on the Flood Simulation of Medium and Small Rivers Based on Xin'anjiang Model and BP Neural Network
Xin LI, Yan-li LIU, Shi-jiang ZHU, Guo-qing WANG, Jun-liang JIN, Rui-min HE, Cui-shan LIU
Research on the Flood Simulation of Medium and Small Rivers Based on Xin'anjiang Model and BP Neural Network
In order to explore the forecasting method which is more in line with the flood control requirements of the middle and small river basin and improve the accuracy of flood forecasting, taking Tunxi Basin as an example, combined with the actual flood forecasting requirements of the middle and small rivers, a non-equal-weight parameter calibration method with the qualified rate of flood peak and the qualified rate of flood peak onset time as the main constraints is adopted (i.e., the weights of runoff depth, flood peak discharge, qualified rate of peak onset time and deterministic coefficient in the objective function are respectively (1∶2∶2∶1) to calibrate the parameters of the Xin'anjiang River model, and use the arithmetic mean method to couple the calculation results of the Xin 'anjiang River model and BP neural network model so as to improve the accuracy of flood prediction. The results show that the method based on the main constraints of flood peak discharge and peak occurrence time is feasible in the flood prediction of Tunxi Basin. Compared with the traditional equal-weight method, the method has more advantages in the flood peak and peak occurrence time prediction, and meets the flood control requirements of small and medium-sized rivers. The Xin 'anjiang River model can simulate the flood peak and peak time well, and the BP neural network model can simulate the flood peak and runoff depth well. The arithmetic mean method is used to couple the simulation results of the two models can improve the accuracy of flood prediction.
small and medium rivers / Xin'anjiang model / BP neural network model / parameter calibration / coupling model {{custom_keyword}} /
Tab.1 Parameter calibration results of Xin'anjiang model with different objective functions表1 不同目标函数下新安江模型参数率定结果 |
参数 | 物理意义 | 范围 | 目标函数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
非等权重 | 等权重 | |||
K | 蒸散发折算系数 | 0.8~1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
SM | 自由水蓄水容量 | 10~50 | 39 | 50 |
KG | 地下水出流系数 | 0~0.7 | 0.12 | 0.47 |
CG | 地下水消退系数 | 0.9~0.998 | 0.99 | 0.94 |
CI | 壤中流消退系数 | 0.01~0.9 | 0.83 | 0.25 |
CS | 河网水流消退系数 | 0.1~0.9 | 0.86 | 0.90 |
WM | 流域平均张力水容量 | 80~200 | 127 | 120 |
C | 深层蒸散发折减系数 | 0.1~0.2 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
B | 蓄水容量曲线方次 | 0.1~0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
EX | 自由水蓄水容量曲线方次 | 1.0~1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
l | 滞时 | - | 5 | 5 |
Tab.2 Statistical table of simulation results under calibration results of different objective functions表2 不同目标函数率定结果下模拟结果统计表 (%) |
率定方法 | RE 合格率 | RQ 合格率 | ΔH合格率 | 平均确定性系数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
非等权重法 | 85.37 | 100.00 | 95.12 | 0.82 |
等权重法 | 90.24 | 92.68 | 90.24 | 0.84 |
Tab.3 Statistical table of evaluation indexes of simulation results表3 模拟结果评价指标统计表 |
方法 | 合格率/% | 平均绝对误差 | 平均确定性系数 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RE | RQ | ΔH | RE | RQ | ΔH | |||
率定期 | 新安江模型 | 85.37 | 100.00 | 95.12 | 10.11 | 7.91 | 1.98 | 0.82 |
BP神经网络模型 | 100.00 | 97.56 | 92.68 | 3.05 | 8.58 | 3.63 | 0.90 | |
检验期 | 新安江模型 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 9.04 | 6.55 | 2.06 | 0.89 |
BP神经网络模型 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 2.27 | 6.14 | 3.00 | 0.93 | |
耦合模型计算结果 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 1.29 | 5.79 | 1.83 | 0.96 |
Fig.2 Flow process lines simulated and coupled by the two models图2 两种模型模拟及耦合后流量过程线 |
Tab.4 Statistical table of the results of the two models and the evaluation indexes after coupling表4 两种模型及耦合后评价指标结果统计表 |
洪水序号 | 模型 | RE /% | RQ /% | ΔH/h |
---|---|---|---|---|
20160420 | 新安江模型 | -5.09 | 6.28 | -2.00/±8.7 |
BP神经网络模型 | 0.93 | 4.93 | 6.00/±8.7 | |
耦合两种模型 | 0.27 | 6.48 | -2.00/±8.7 | |
20190515 | 新安江模型 | -17.63 | -0.76 | -1.00/±8.1 |
BP神经网络模型 | 1.45 | 7.08 | 5.00/±8.1 | |
耦合两种模型 | -0.58 | 6.35 | 1.00/±8.1 |
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