In this paper，the temperature distribution law of the water source well under two conditions is obtained through measuring the field test of water source wells and carrying out the indoor simulation which the water source well model is made by similar principle，The temperature field of the water source well is in a three－stage distribution of“steep－slow－slow”． Under the field conditions，the steep rise zone of the water source well is located at 0～ 1．3 m from the wellhead． Under extreme conditions，the steep rise zone is located at 0～ 0．8 m．The position of the steep rise zone of the water source well increases by 0．5 m under the extreme conditions，which causes the complete freezing of the water source well through analyzing the temperature of the water source well under two conditions． The analysis shows that increasing the temperature of the steep rise zone of the water source well is of great significance to improving the temperature of the water source well and preventing the freezing of the water source，which lays a foundation for the antifreezing research on shallow water source well in the pastoral area