
Effects of Drip Irrigation on Jujube Growth and Exploration on its Irrigation Pattern
Rui TANG, Bo-hui LIANG, Bao-yin HE, Shang-ning ZHANG
Effects of Drip Irrigation on Jujube Growth and Exploration on its Irrigation Pattern
In order to explore the effects of drip irrigation on the growth of Lingwu Changzao in the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia and the reasonable irrigation pattern. In 2017 the experiment set the annual irrigation quotas were 2 925, 3 600, 4 275 and 4 950 m³/hm2 four treatment, each treatment was repeated 3 times, a total of 12 test plots. In 2018, an additional treatment was added, the irrigation quota increased from 4 950 to 5 625 m³/hm2, and the annual irrigation quota was designed at five treatments, and each treatment was repeated 3 times for a total of 15 test plots. According to the 2017-2018 experiment, combined with the different depth soil moisture of Lingwu Changzao’s different periods, the soil irrigation water storage ratio and the yield, the comprehensive analysis that the Lingwu Changzao drip irrigation system was formulated as follows: the annual irrigation quota was 4 275 m³/hm2, 11 times of irrigation; the irrigation quota for growth period was 3 825 m³/hm2, 10 times of irrigation, among them, the elongate shoots period irrigation was 1 time, the irrigation quota was 450 m³/hm2; the squaring stage and florescence irrigation was 3 times, the irrigation quota was 300 m³/hm2 every time; the young fruit expansion stage irrigation was 3 times, and the irrigation quota were 375, 375, 450 m³/hm2 respectively; the fruits in white-mature period irrigation were 2 times, the irrigation water quota was 450 m³/hm2 every time, the maturity period irrigation was 1 time, the irrigation quota was 375 m³/hm2; dormancy period (winter irrigation) irrigation was 1 time, the irrigation quota was 450 m3/hm2. Under the above treatment, the yield of Lingwu Changzao was 11 184~16 080 kg/hm2, the water production efficiency was 1.90~2.90 kg/m3.
drip irrigation / Lingwu Changzao / irrigation pattern {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 2017-2018年贺兰山东麓灌区枣树滴灌灌溉制度试验设计表 |
生育期 | 灌水日期 | 灌水定额/(m3·hm-2) | 施肥/(kg·hm-2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 (2018年新增) | 尿素 | 磷酸一铵 | 硫酸钾 | ||
萌芽展叶期 | 4月中旬(春灌) | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | - | - | - |
现蕾开花期 | 5月中旬 | 150 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | - | - | - |
6月上旬 | 150 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 150 | 150 | 150 | |
6月中旬 | 150 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | ||||
幼果膨大期 | 6月下旬至7月上旬 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | 300 | 375 | 375 |
7月中旬 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | ||||
7月下旬至8月中旬 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | 600 | ||||
果实白熟期 | 8月中旬 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | 600 | 300 | 375 | 187.5 |
8月下旬 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | 600 | ||||
果实成熟期 | 9月中旬 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 | |||
休眠期 | 11月上旬 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | |||
灌溉定额 | 2 925 | 3 600 | 4 275 | 4 950 | 5 625 | 750 | 900 | 712.5 | |
生育期定额 | 2 475 | 3 150 | 3 825 | 4 500 | 5 175 |
表2 2017和2018年试验区降雨量监测表 (mm) |
日期 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 全生育期 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017年 | 0 | 8.0 | 54.0 | 47.4 | 17.5 | 0 | 24.0 | 150.9 |
2018年 | 0 | 13.2 | 0 | 51.8 | 96.3 | 9.1 | 6.5 | 176.9 |
表3 灵武长枣2017年、2018年各生育期耗水量 (mm) |
年份 | 处理 | 萌芽展叶期 | 现蕾开花期 | 幼果膨大期 | 果实白熟期 | 果实成熟期 | 停长落叶期 | 生育期 耗水总量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | T1 | 35.04 | 87.81 | 115.31 | 137.74 | 26.02 | 16.36 | 418.28 |
T2 | 46.22 | 122.20 | 131.62 | 138.33 | 28.96 | 16.50 | 483.83 | |
T3 | 41.07 | 139.55 | 175.13 | 148.62 | 33.22 | 16.80 | 554.39 | |
T4 | 43.86 | 158.95 | 201.29 | 163.61 | 44.10 | 18.41 | 630.22 | |
2018 | T1 | 34.00 | 45.02 | 172.38 | 137.59 | 50.57 | 17.82 | 457.38 |
T2 | 41.20 | 53.10 | 188.10 | 168.16 | 35.42 | 14.14 | 500.12 | |
T3 | 47.37 | 84.41 | 215.88 | 176.69 | 49.68 | 14.73 | 588.76 | |
T4 | 43.55 | 140.12 | 250.43 | 180.51 | 59.68 | 14.00 | 688.29 | |
T5 | 41.49 | 165.7 | 260.57 | 203.29 | 62.62 | 19.29 | 752.96 |
表4 生育期不同处理对灵武长枣品质的影响 |
年度 | 处理 | 可溶性糖/ % | 维生素C/ (mg·100 g-1) | 总酸/ (g·kg-1) | 可溶性固形物/% | 产量/ (kg·hm-2) | 水分生产率/ (kg·m-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | T1 | 46.10 | 258.13 | 4.56 | 33.10 | 10 975.5 | 2.62 |
T2 | 48.80 | 242.43 | 3.56 | 33.50 | 11 703.0 | 2.42 | |
T3 | 45.30 | 246.21 | 3.77 | 31.10 | 16 080.0 | 2.90 | |
T4 | 45.00 | 248.00 | 4.39 | 32.70 | 12 384.0 | 1.97 | |
2018 | T1 | 18.20 | 328.20 | 6.17 | 17.90 | 9 686.4 | 2.12 |
T2 | 15.40 | 326.70 | 4.39 | 30.60 | 10 243.2 | 2.05 | |
T3 | 16.50 | 304.60 | 6.58 | 30.70 | 11 184.0 | 1.90 | |
T4 | 18.40 | 320.20 | 5.75 | 25.90 | 11 702.4 | 1.70 | |
T5 | 20.40 | 306.50 | 5.73 | 26.80 | 11 731.2 | 1.56 |
表5 推荐灵武长枣灌溉制度 (m3/hm2) |
灌水时间 | 萌芽展叶期 | 现蕾开花期 | 幼果膨大期 | 果实白熟期 | 果实成熟期 | 休眠期 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4月中旬(春灌) | 5月中旬 | 6月上旬 | 6月中旬 | 6月下旬至7月上旬 | 7月中旬 | 7月下旬至8月中旬 | 8月中旬 | 8月下旬 | 9月中旬 | 11月上旬 | ||||||
灌水定额 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 375 | 375 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 375 | 450 |
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