
Investigation of Farmland Non-point Source and Countermeasures of Agricultural Water Saving and Emission Reduction in Qilu Lake Basin
Meng XIANG, Shi-xiang GU, Rong GAO, Chong-bao XIE, Yuan-lai CUI
Investigation of Farmland Non-point Source and Countermeasures of Agricultural Water Saving and Emission Reduction in Qilu Lake Basin
This paper aims to put forward countermeasures for both agricultural water saving and emission reduction in Qilu Lake Basin. Data of statistical yearbook and lake water quality in Qilu Lake Basin from 2001 to 2014 are collected to analyze the influencing factors of lake water quality by common correlation analysis method and gray relational analysis method. Correlation analysis shows that population, vegetable yield, plastic film usage, agricultural gross output value and Potash scalar are very important factors of water quality for the lake. Factors, such as farmland area, Nitrogen scalar, phosphorus scalar and pesticide use are also important. Among all the factors, the yield of grain crops has the least impact on water quality. Field surveys of farmland non-point source pollution and farmland water use in Qilu Lake Basin were carried out in 5 towns at the end of 2019. Results of surveys showed the annual average water consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use and film use were 4.00, 8.86, 3.96 and 5.63 times of the national average level respectively. Therefore, countermeasures, such as adjusting agricultural planting structure, reducing vegetable multiple cropping index and adopting water-saving irrigation technology are helpful to reducing irrigation water consumption. Also, the construction of three defense-line system are very important for agricultural non-point source pollution control, which includes field water and fertilizer regulation, ecological ditch interception, pond weir and regulation and storage belt purification and reuse.
Qilu Lake / water quality / non-point source pollution / water saving and emission reduction {{custom_keyword}} /
Tab.1 Correlation coefficient of Qilu Lake water quality index and its influencing factors表1 杞麓湖水质指标与其影响因素相关系数 |
因素 | 普通相关分析法 | 灰色关联度分析法 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总氮 | 总磷 | 氨氮 | 总氮 | 总磷 | 氨氮 | |
人口 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.63 |
农业总产值 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.66 |
农田面积 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
蔬菜产量 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.71 |
粮食作物 | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.30 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
氮肥折纯量 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.60 |
磷肥折纯量 | 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.76 | 0.66 |
钾肥折纯量 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.64 |
农药使用量 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.64 |
塑料薄膜用量 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.63 |
Tab.2 Investigation of irrigation表2 灌溉用水情况调查统计 |
镇名 | 户数 | 取水 方式 | 灌溉 方式 | 某镇不同取水灌溉方式的年均用水/(m³·hm-2) | 某镇年均用水/ (m³·hm-2) | 单茬用水/ (m³·hm-2) | 变异 系数/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
河西 | 7 | 井水灌溉 | 漫灌 | 21 701.10 | 18 645.75 | 4 661.40 | 59.70 |
3 | 井水灌溉 | 喷灌 | 11 516.85 | ||||
九龙 | 1 | 井水灌溉 | 漫灌 | 20 652.00 | 14 442.75 | 3 610.65 | 18.09 |
9 | 挑水灌溉 | 浇灌 | 13 752.75 | ||||
四街 | 5 | 县内供水 | 喷灌 | 18 712.05 | 20 780.85 | 5 195.25 | 25.65 |
5 | 挖沟放水 | 漫灌 | 22 849.50 | ||||
秀山 | 10 | 挑水灌溉 | 浇灌 | 13 412.55 | 13 412.55 | 3 353.10 | 9.15 |
杨广 | 1 | 县内供水 | 喷灌 | 19 999.95 | 14 221.50 | 3 555.30 | 22.14 |
9 | 井水灌溉 | 喷灌 | 13 579.35 | ||||
合计/平均 | 50 | 16 300.65 | 4 075.20 | 38.72 |
Tab.3 Investigation of crop fertilization表3 作物单茬施肥量调查统计 (kg/hm2) |
水稻 | 西兰花 | 玉米 | 莴笋 | 白菜 | 大蒜 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
600.00 | 1 420.00 | 1 442.00 | 765.00 | 2 475.00 | 7 020.00 |
Tab.4 Investigation of crop film usage表4 作物薄膜用量调查情况 |
主要覆膜作物 | 农户数/户 | 年均用膜量/(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|
白菜 | 27 | 75 |
花卉、芹菜 | 5 | 150 |
蒜苗 | 3 | 75 |
Tab.5 Percentage of farmland waste classification表5 农田废弃物不同处理情况分类占比 (%) |
焚烧处理 | 堆积田间 | 入化肥池 | 喂给牲畜 | 扔垃圾箱 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
废弃薄膜 | 85.71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.29 |
作物残余 | 0 | 88.00 | 10.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
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