探索膨润土对沙地土壤性质及结构、朝天椒农艺性状及产量的影响，为膨润土用于沙地土壤改良应用提供理论依据。于2023年在内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗巴拉贡镇山湾村开展膨润土治理沙化耕地大田试验，试验按膨润土施量共设置6组处理，分别为：0(CK)、15.0 t/hm²(A1)、22.5 t/hm²(A2)、30.0 t/hm²(A3)、37.5 t/hm²(A4)、45.0 t/hm²(A5)，研究不同膨润土施量对土壤理化性质及结构和朝天椒农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，施用膨润土能够显著改善土壤性质、有效调整土壤结构。膨润土的施用提高了朝天椒生育期内土壤含水量、总孔隙度、CO₂通量、WR_{>0.25 mm}含量、pH和电导率；降低了生育期内土壤容重，协调了生育期内土壤三相比例，改善土壤固液气结构。在生育期内膨润土施量与土壤总孔隙度呈极显著正相关，与土壤容重呈极显著负相关。施用膨润土有效促进了朝天椒的生长发育，显著提高朝天椒产量。以A3处理朝天椒产量最高，较对照增产61.2%。膨润土作为土壤改良剂能够有效改善土壤性质，调整土壤结构，提高土壤持水能力和朝天椒产量。综合不同施量对土壤指标及朝天椒产量的影响，研究认为30.0 t/hm²为该试验区2023年适宜施量。

This study was to investigate the impact of varied bentonite application rates on soil properties, soil structure, and the agronomic performance of hot pepper in sandy soil. The findings aim to to provide reference for improving the utilization value of sandy soil, quality and yield of Hot pepper. The bentonite treatment of sandy cropland field experiment was carried out from April 2023 to October 2023 in Shanwan Village, Balagong Town, Hangjin Banner, Ordos City. Six groups of treatments were set up according to the application rate of bentonite, which were: 0(CK), 15.0 t/hm²(A1), 22.5 t/hm²(A2), 30.0 t/hm²(A3), 37.5 t/hm²(A4), 45.0 t/hm²(A5), respectively. The effects of different bentonite application rates on soil physicochemical properties and structure and the agronomic effects of hot pepper were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, bentonite application could significantly improve soil physicochemical properties and effectively adjust soil structure. Bentonite application increased soil water content, porosity, CO₂ flux, >0.25 mm agglomerate content, pH and conductivity during the reproductive period of hot pepper. It also reduced soil bulk weight during the reproductive period, coordinated the soil three-phase ratio, and improved the solid-liquid-gas structure of the soil, and the best effect was achieved with the A5 treatment. Application of bentonite can effectively promote the growth and development of hot pepper and increase the yield of hot pepper. The highest yield of hot pepper was achieved with A3 treatment, with a significant yield increase of 61.2% compared with the control group. Bentonite as a soil conditioner can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, adjust the soil structure, improve the soil water holding capacity and the yield of hot pepper. Considering the comprehensive effects of different application rates on soil indicators and the yield of hot pepper, the study concluded that 30.0 t/hm² is the more appropriate application rate for the experimental area in 2023.