Soil moisture is a critical indicator within the soil, and its fluctuations directly influence crop growth as well as the management decisions regarding water resource utilization. Therefore, accurately predicting soil moisture is essential for the rational planning and use of agricultural water resources. The application of deep learning algorithms for soil moisture prediction is increasingly important in the fields of agriculture, water resource management, and ecology. Deep learning algorithms are capable of learning complex patterns and spatiotemporal relationships of soil moisture from large-scale data, presenting new opportunities for accurate predictions. To explore the effectiveness of the deep learning method, Transformer, in soil moisture prediction, this study focuses on the Yichang irrigation area in the Hetao irrigation district. Utilizing groundwater level observation data, meteorological data, and SMAP soil moisture data as training inputs, three data lag scenarios of 1 day, 5 days, and 10 days were established to validate the effectiveness of the Transformer algorithm in the soil moisture time series prediction task, comparing it with the widely-used LSTM for time series forecasting. The research findings indicate that the Transformer exhibits superior predictive capabilities in soil moisture time series forecasting. Compared to LSTM, Transformer shows an average R ² improvement of approximately 0.181 and a 27.6% reduction in RMSE. Furthermore, Transformer demonstrates greater robustness in addressing the impacts of lag changes; under all three data lag conditions, the average R ² of Transformer predictions exceeds that of LSTM by 0.121, 0.167, and 0.256, respectively, while the average RMSE at the sites decreases by 30.7%, 28.6%, and 23.5%. Additionally, the Transformer exhibits a stronger capability in extracting nonlinear information from soil moisture sequences, demonstrating enhanced predictive power for high-frequency amplitude variations in soil moisture time series.

Water quality is one of the main factors determining whether water possesses resource attributes. To better assess the regional groundwater resource carrying capacity, an evaluation index system incorporating water quality parameters was developed, using the Ganfu Plain irrigation district as a case study. Based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), CRITIC (Objective Weighting Method), and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), the carrying capacity of groundwater resources was accesed, and its obstacle factors were diagnosed using the obstacle degree model. The results indicate that the groundwater resource carrying capacity in the Ganfu Plain irrigation district is relatively high, with regional ranking as follows: Jinxian County > Nanchang County > Qingyunpu District > Fengcheng City > other urban districts of Nanchang. Obstacle factors primarily include per hectare irrigation water use, precipitation infiltration, vegetation coverage, exceedance factors of toxicological indicators, per capita GDP, and dynamic water volume of groundwater. Given the significant spatial differences in obstacle factors, differentiated measures should be taken in different regions to enhance groundwater resource carrying capacity, including irrigation district projects and water supply network renovations, water quality improvement, ecological restoration, and optimized water management. The study demonstrates that water quality issues are a necessary consideration in the evaluation of groundwater resource carrying capacity, particularly in regions with poor groundwater quality.

In order to reveal the process and mechanism of N₂O emissions in saline alkali soil under different subsurface drainage spacing and organic fertilizer application, alfalfa was used as the plant material, and four subsurface drainage spacing [0 m (CK), 6 m (S1), 12 m (S2), and 18 m (S3)] were designed, combined with three organic fertilizer application amounts [3 000 kg/hm² (N1), 4 500 kg/hm² (N2), and 6 000 kg/hm² (N3)]. The soil N₂O emission flux, cumulative emissions, salt content, organic matter, organic carbon and C/N were observed. The correlation between the N₂O emission flux and the possible influencing factors such as total carbon and C/N ratio was analyzed. The results indicate that the drainage process was beneficial for reducing the N₂O emission flux in saline alkali land, with smaller pipe spacing and lower fertilization amounts leading to lower N2O emission flux. The cumulative N₂O emissions from the treatments ranged from 1.68 to 2.40 kg/hm², accounting for 0.70 to 1.52% of the nitrogen application amount. Among the different treatments, CKN3 has the highest and S1N1 has the lowest N₂O emissions. The cumulative N₂O emissions from CKN3 treatment are 43.5% higher than from S1N1. The drainage process reduced soil salinity in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers, and the smaller the distance between pipes, the more significant decrease in salinity was detected. Under the same distance between pipes, increased application of organic fertilizer resulted in a 7.5%~19.3% increases in soil salinity in the 0~20 cm layer. The N₂O emission flux was positively correlated with the salinity of the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers, with R ² values of 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; a negative correlation of N₂O emission flux was found with C/N, with R ² of 0.63; the relationship between N₂O emission flux and other factors was not obvious. The research results indicate that subsurface drainage and organic fertilizer application mainly regulate N₂O emissions by affecting indicators such as soil salinity and C/N ratio in surface soil, and the scientific drainage layout combined with organic fertilizer application was beneficial for reducing N₂O output from saline alkali soil.

In order to investigate the effects of aerated irrigation and straw returning on water quality during rice soaking period. In this study, a soil box simulation experiment was carried out in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in 2021 to study the effects of CK straw returning + conventional water irrigation ( conventional water DO 2.85 mg/L ), ST straw returning + conventional water irrigation ( wheat straw dried and crushed to 3~5 cm, DO of conventional water 2.85 mg/L ) and SO straw returning + micro-nano aerated irrigation ( wheat straw dried and crushed to 3~5 cm, micro-nano bubble water DO 8.04 mg/L ) on the quality of surface water, soil solution and leakage water in different soil layers during rice soaking period. The changes of TN, TP and COD water quality indexes during the soaking period were monitored and analyzed.The results showed that straw returning could increase the concentrations of TN, TP and COD in surface water, soil solution and leakage water of each layer during the rice soaking period, and had a serious impact on the water quality of surface water and shallow soil solution in the early stage of rice soaking. During the soaking period, straw returning could increase the peak concentrations of TN, TP and COD in surface water by 27.67%, 27.27% and 56.11%, respectively. The peak concentrations of TN and TP in 0~10 cm soil solution increased by 28.95% and 57.34%, respectively. The average concentration of COD in 0~10 cm soil solution increased by 43.44 % after straw returning.Micro-nano aerated irrigation can effectively reduce the concentration of TN, TP and COD in paddy field water during the soaking period after straw returning to the field. Micro-nano aerated irrigation reduced the peak concentration of TN, TP and COD in the surface water of the field after straw returning to the field by 10.65%, 16.67% and 15.69%, respectively, and reduced the average concentration of TN, TP and COD in the surface water of the field during the soaking period by 10.97%, 5.88% and 5.73%, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of TN, TP and COD in surface water, soil solution at different depths, and leakage water increased after straw returning, and the concentrations of TN, TP and COD in paddy water could be reduced by micro-nano aerated irrigation after straw returning. This experiment can achieve the purpose of reducing the water pollution of paddy fields caused by straw returning, and provide a theoretical basis for controlling the diffusion of pollutants in paddy fields and reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The exchange characteristics of soil water and shallow groundwater were studied to provide theoretical basis for the rational development, utilization and protection of groundwater in Huaibei Plain and the establishment of efficient and reasonable water-saving irrigation system. Based on the data of soil moisture and groundwater depth from 1986 to 2021, the correlation between soil water and groundwater in the root zone of winter wheat and summer maize was analyzed by correlation analysis. The bottom leakage was calculated according to the difference between soil water content and field capacity, and the evaporation of phreatic water was calculated by empirical formula. The exchange characteristics of soil water and shallow groundwater in the main root distribution layer of crops were compared and analyzed. The value and frequency of bottom leakage of the main root distribution layer of crops are much lower than those of phreatic evaporation. The change trend of phreatic evaporation was basically the same. Before 2000, it was higher and the value changed greatly. After 2000, the annual production decreased and tended to be stable. The average phreatic evaporation of maize was 280.25 mm, with an average of four times in five days. The average diving evaporation of wheat was 314.16 mm, with an average of four times in five days. ② The bottom leakage of maize at different growth stages increased first, then decreased and then increased with the growth stage. The bottom leakage of wheat at different growth stages increased first and then decreased with time, and the number of production was less but the single production was high. The evaporation of phreatic water in different growth stages of maize and wheat decreased first and then stabilized with time. The evaporation of phreatic water in maize filling-maturity stage was the most active, with an average number of 5 times in 7 days, and the average number of times of phreatic water evaporation in wheat jointing-heading stage was 9 times in 10 days. The exchange of soil water and groundwater during the whole growth period of summer maize and winter wheat was mainly recharged by groundwater. The evaporation of single phreatic water in crop growth period and different growth stages decreased first and then stabilized with time, the ability of groundwater to recharge soil water became weaker, and the amount of bottom leakage did not change significantly.

To study the effects of different irrigation amounts on soil salinity dynamics and cotton growth in Karamay, Xinjiang, various irrigation treatments (T1: 825 m3/hm2, T2: 1 200 m3/hm2, T3: 1 425 m3/hm2, CK: 975 m3/hm2) were established during 2022-2023. The influences of each treatment on soil salt content, desalination rate, plant height, stem diameter and yield of cotton were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the desalination rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer in the T2 treatment was 30.86% in 2022, and it further rose to 37.90% in 2023. The overall desalination rate over the two years reached 43.52%, which was significantly higher than that of the CK group (42.29%). Regarding cotton growth indicators, the plant height and stem diameter of cotton under the T2 treatment were outstanding throughout the entire growth period. The plant height of cotton treated with T2 was the highest at the batting stage in 2023, with the stem diameter reaching 9.92 mm, which was significantly increased by 5.37% compared with the CK treatment. In terms of cotton yield, the seed cotton yield of the T2 treatment was 5 317.45 and 6 539.94 kg/hm2 in 2022 and 2023, respectively, which was significantly higher than other treatments. The T2 treatment also demonstrated the best performance in terms of water use efficiency (IWUE). The IWUE in 2022 and 2023 was 1.11 and 1.39 kg/m3, respectively, significantly higher than that of T1, T3 and the control group. Compared with other treatments, the T2 treatment was significantly superior in terms of cotton growth indicators and subsequent yield and its components. When the irrigation quota was equal to T1, the plant height, yield and harvest density of cotton were the lowest. When the emerging water amount was equal to T3, the yield and physiological index of cotton decreased with the increase of the irrigation quota. Considering the soil water and salt conditions, cotton emergence, growth and yield conditions under each treatment, T2 was the optimal water treatment for emergence.

In order to explore the variation characteristics and influencing factors of water surface evaporation in different climatic regions of Qinghai Province (Eastern agricultural region, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Lake region and Sanjiangyuan region), based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) formula, this paper uses the meteorological data of 50 national meteorological stations in Qinghai Province from 2018 to 2022 to establish a multiple regression model to calculate the water surface evaporation in each climatic region of Qinghai Province, and analyze the variation characteristics of water surface evaporation in different climatic regions of Qinghai Province on different time scales. The path analysis method is used to analyze the influencing factors of water surface evaporation in each climatic region. The results show that the annual variation range of water surface evaporation ranged from 2.58 to 2.92 mm/d, with the maximum values occurring in all four climatic zones in 2022. The seasonal variation followed the pattern: summer>spring>autumn>winter, with the maximum value of monthly variation value observed in July. The order of the climatic zones was Qaidam Basin>Eastern agricultural area>Qinghai Lake area>Sanjiangyuan area. In the Eastern agricultural area, the comprehensive determination ability of meteorological factors on water surface evaporation is ranked as VPD>R_n >n>WS. VPD has the greatest direct effect on water surface evaporation change (decision coefficient is 0.75), followed by WS, and R_n has an indirect effect on water surface evaporation change mainly through n path (indirect effect coefficient is 0.47). In Qaidam Basin, the order of decision coefficients of each factor is VPD>R_n >RH _mean>WS>T _min. R_n has the greatest direct effect on water surface evaporation (decision coefficient is 0.50), followed by T _min. VPD has the greatest indirect effect on water surface evaporation (indirect effect coefficient is 0.51), which indirectly affects water surface evaporation through R_n path. WS indirectly affects water surface evaporation through T _min path (indirect effect coefficient is 0.18). RH _mean has the least and negative effect on water surface evaporation. In the area around Qinghai Lake, VPD, R_n and WS were the most important factors driving the change of water surface evaporation and played a direct role. The decision coefficients were 0.62, 0.69 and 0.05, respectively, indicating that R_n had a more obvious effect on the change of water surface evaporation than VPD. In the Sanjiangyuan region, VPD had the greatest direct impact on water surface evaporation (decision coefficient was 1.05), followed by WS. T _mean can indirectly affect water surface evaporation through VPD, R_n and RH _mean paths (the indirect effect coefficient is 0.76). R_n and n have indirect effects on water surface evaporation changes through T _mean and R_n paths, respectively (the indirect effect coefficients are 0.48 and 0.69). VPD, R_n, WS, T _mean and n all have an increasing effect on water surface evaporation, while RH _mean has the least effect on water surface evaporation and has an inhibitory effect on water surface evaporation changes (the decision coefficient is -0.001). In general, VPD and R_n are the dominant factors affecting water surface evaporation in Qinghai Province.

In order to construct a high-precision and simplified prediction model for regional drought, in this paper we selected 12 meteorological stations in the northern agro-pastoral ecotone as the research area, and calculated the standardized rainfall evapotranspiration index (SPEI-3, SPEI-6, SPEI-12) of different stations for 3 months, 6 months, 12 months to characterize regional drought. The combined model was constructed based on BiLSTM and TCN, and the Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and the Attention mechanism were used to optimize the combined model. The SSA-BILSTM-TCN-Attention model (SBTA) was constructed. At the same time, the accuracy of SBTA model was calculated，constructing a model accuracy evaluation system based on the mean square error (MSE), the coefficient of determination (R ²) and the efficiency coefficient (E_NS ), and the GPI index.The results showed that the MSE value of SBTA model was only 0.041~0.200, both R ² and E_NS took values above 0.9 in the whole region, which exhibited the lowest error and the highest consistency in the whole region, and the accuracy ranked first among all models. The SBTA model can be recommended for regional drought prediction.

The sparse number of monitoring stations and insufficient measured information in the arid regions of north-west China make it difficult to accurately assess evapotranspiration water consumption and agricultural water use efficiency at the regional scale. In this study, the HTEM model was utilized to calculate the actual ET in the Weigan River Basin over the past two decades, analyze its spatial and temporal distribution patterns, and assess the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water before and after the adoption of drip irrigation from 2000 to 2020, using precipitation and water diversion data. The findings revealed that: ① ET was spatially variable, showing higher values in the west and south and lower values in the east and north. Vegetation and soil evapotranspiration exhibited notable complementary effects influenced by vegetation distribution. ② Overall, evapotranspiration exhibited an upward trend over time, with an average farmland ET of 563.6 mm. Of this, average vegetation ET was 400.2 mm, accounting for 71% of the total, while average soil ET was 163.5 mm, constituting 29% of the total. ③ The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in the irrigation area exhibited an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with the coefficients being 0.342, 0.365, 0.437, 0.503, and 0.561 in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. With the promotion of drip irrigation under plastic mulching, the water-saving effect in the irrigation area of the Weigan River Basin has gradually emerged. The trend of simultaneous increase in both the irrigation water use efficiency and the area of water-saving irrigation serves as an important basis for determining the future scale of the irrigation area and optimizing the water-saving irrigation system.

In order to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of drought flood abrupt alternation in different crop growth periods. This paper uses the data of 6 meteorological stations in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province from 1958 to 2023 to identify the drought flood abrupt alternation during the growth period of winter wheat and summer maize based on SWAP combined with process theory method. The whole research period is divided into two periods, and the spatial and temporal changes during the growth period of crops are analyzed. The results show that: ① SWAP combined with run theory method is effective for the identification of drought flood abrupt alternation; ② The frequency and risk of drought flood abrupt alternation of winter wheat were higher than those of summer maize, and the threat of drought flood abrupt alternation of winter wheat was higher than that of summer maize; ③ Temporally and spatially, the frequency, average intensity and disaster risk of drought and flood in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province showed an upward trend in most areas; ④ The risk of drought flood abrupt alternation in sowing-emergence stage, emergence-regreening stage and regreening-jointing stage of winter wheat was higher, and there is a deteriorating trend in sowing-emergence stage and regreening-jointing stage. The risk of drought flood abrupt alternation in jointing-tasseling stage and filling-maturity stage of summer maize was higher, and there is an upward trend in jointing-tasseling stage. Considering the characteristics of drought flood abrupt alternation in each growth period and the impact of drought flood abrupt alternation on crops, it is necessary to focus on the following growth periods and corresponding areas: winter wheat sowing-emergence, regreening-jointing and summer maize jointing-tasseling period, winter wheat jointing-heading period Bengbu, Mengcheng and Bozhou areas, and summer maize filling-maturity Bengbu area, these periods and corresponding areas will face higher risk of drought flood abrupt alternation.

In order to investigate the design method of negative pressure feedback jet nozzle based on the position of attachment point, this paper adopts the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, orthogonal test and hydraulic performance test to find out the influence law of the structural parameters on the position of the attachment point under different pressure conditions, and establishes the empirical formula for the calculation of the position of the attachment point by the structural parameters. The results show that: based on the optimal attachment point position and the empirical formula, the optimal structural parameters of the negative pressure feedback jet nozzle are as follows: the displacement s is 1.9 mm, the depth/width ratio k/w is 2, the side wall inclination angle β is 8°, the width of the control tube f is 4 mm, the radius of curvature of the bending transition section r is 21 mm, and the splitting distance H is 9 w. Through the validation test, we can get that the experimental data and the simulation data have good consistency and the deviation rate is 0.5 mm. Through the validation test, the experimental data and simulation data have good consistency, and the deviation rate is not higher than 8.4%, so it proves that the simulation accuracy of this paper is effective and reliable. This study can provide theoretical and technical support for the scientific research and product development of the negative pressure feedback jet nozzle.

In the context of water scarcity, analyzing the effects of deficit irrigation on maize yield and water use efficiency and identifying the optimal deficit irrigation strategy is crucial for achieving high maize yield and efficient water use. We collected 429 pairs of maize yield observations and 277 pairs of maize water use efficiency observations under two treatments of deficit irrigation and full irrigation from 44 papers. We explored the effects of deficit irrigation on maize yield and water use efficiency using meta-analysis, comparing the differences in the effects of deficit irrigation under different deficit ratios, climatic conditions, and soil texture, and analyzing the trade-off or synergistic relationship between maize yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. The results indicated that deficit irrigation overall increased the water use efficiency of maize by 7.43% but decreased yield by 8.74% compared to full irrigation. However, the effects of deficit irrigation vary depending on the deficit ratio and soil-climatic conditions. Deficit irrigation with a deficit adjustment ratio of < 0.2 increased water use efficiency by 6.65% without significantly reducing maize yields. Implementation of deficit irrigation is more likely to achieve a win-win strategy of high maize yield and water use efficiency in areas with annual precipitation of 400~800 mm, average annual temperature below 12 °C, and soils such as silty loam and loam, while minimizing the trade-off between reduced maize yield and increased water use efficiency.

Improving water productivity is an important way to increase crop yields and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Taking summer maize in Henan Province as the research subject，the spatiotemporal characteristics and main constraints of summer maize water productivity in Henan Province were quantified by partial least squares analysis and fuzzy c-means clustering, determined the optimal number of subregions of summer maize planting areas in Henan Province and proposed ways to improve summer maize water productivity in Henan Province. The results indicated that: The water productivity of summer maize in Henan Province showed an increasing trend between 2011 and 2020, with a variation ranging from 1.10 to 1.98 kg/m³. Spatially, the northeast is higher than the southwest. According to correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis, soil total potassium, sunshine hours and potassium application rate were the main influencing factors of water productivity of summer maize in Henan Province. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of water productivity, the optimal number of summer maize planting in Henan Province was determined to be 5. The water productivity of summer maize could be increased by 0.02~0.18 kg/m³ by increasing the appropriate amount of total potassium and organic matter and reducing the amount of potassium application The findings can provide valuable insights for the green and efficient development of water-saving agriculture in Henan Province.

To consolidate the ecological benefits of water diversion in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, it is essential to determine the most suitable irrigation regime for the growth of Populus euphratica root-suckers, with the goal of promoting regional ecological restoration. As the primary means of population expansion for P. euphratica and a pioneer species in ecological restoration, the functional traits of root-suckers serve as critical indicators reflecting their survival strategies. However, research in this area remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study conducted a field experiment near the Kun-Ast Ecological Sluice to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes on the functional traits of P. euphratica root-suckers. By setting up three irrigation gradients, we analyzed the effects of irrigation frequency, irrigation volume, and irrigation duration on the soil physicochemical properties and leaf functional traits of root-suckers.The results showed that under the F2 irrigation regime, the soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents, as well as the leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (LN/LP) of root-suckers were significantly higher than those under the F1 and F3 regimes. In contrast, the F1 irrigation regime resulted in a higher total soil salinity, which caused a decline in the LDMC and LN/LP of root-suckers, while specific leaf area (SLA) increased. Further analysis revealed that soil TN had the most significant positive effect on leaf area, contributing 52.4%. Conversely, soil salinity suppressed LDMC and LN/LP but promoted SLA, with a contribution of 31.6%. The overall contributions of soil TP, pH, and water content to root-sucker functional traits were relatively low, accounting for only 16%.Therefore, based on the effects of different irrigation regimes on root-sucker growth and the influence of soil physicochemical properties on their functional traits, the F2 irrigation regime (23-day irrigation intervals, 6 m3 water per 10-meter trench, with an irrigation duration of 2 days) was identified as more conducive to soil nutrient accumulation, thereby effectively promoting the growth of P. euphratica root-suckers. These findings provide valuable insights for the ecological restoration of P. euphratica forests in the lower Tarim River region.

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation modes on paddy yield soil organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in rice yield in cold black soil region. The experiment was carried out in Qixing National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, with “Long Japonica 31” as the cultivar, and three irrigation modes, namely controlled irrigation (KG), conventional irrigation (CG), and shallow sunlight and shallow irrigation (QG), were set up to study the effects of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), organic carbon (SOC), soluble organic carbon (DOC), and easily oxidizable organic carbon (LOC) in the soil layer of 0~60 cm under different irrigation modes throughout the life cycle of the rice. The results showed that rice yield was enhanced by 3.2% and 7.7% in KG mode relative to QG and CG modes. The water consumption of KG mode and QG mode was reduced by 14.2% and 10.3%, respectively, compared to the CG mode. The changes of carbon content of SOC, DOC and LOC were primarily concentrated in the 0~20 cm soil layer, and the change range of the 40~60 cm soil layer were smaller. Compared with QG and CG modes, the SOC in the KG mode decreased by 4.9% and 9.1%, the DOC decreased by 3.8% and 4.1%, and the LOC content decreased by 12.3% and 13.6%, respectively. The inflection points of NH₄ ⁺-N content in the three irrigation modes occurred during the tillering stage and heading and flowering stage, and the NH₄ ⁺-N content in KG mode and QG mode was gradually smaller than that in CG mode with the increase of depth. The inflection point of NO₃ ^--N content was similar to that of NH₄ ⁺-N, and the NH₄ ⁺-N content changed significantly in the shallow layer, and the NH₄ ⁺-N content increased by 3.3% and 9.8% in the KG model. The water-saving irrigation mode is conducive to the decomposition of organic carbon in the soil, which provides organic matter for rice growth, improves soil fertility and improves soil nitrogen fixation capacity.

In order to systematically study the redistribution and interception effects of corn plants on rainfall, explore the mathematical models related to rainfall interception amount, interception rate, foliar contact, and rainfall intensity, and provide reference for improving the soil erosion prevention and control effect of corn planting and enhancing water and fertilizer management efficiency. By using artificial rainfall simulation and measuring devices such as self-made artificial rainfall facilities and stem flow collection facilities, a systematic study was conducted on the redistribution and interception of rainfall by plants at six typical growth nodes of maize, including seedling stage, pre jointing stage, mid jointing stage, post jointing stage, pre tasseling stage, and post tasseling stage, under different rainfall intensities (20~120 mm). The interception of rainfall by corn plants showed a linear growth relationship with leaf area and rainfall intensity, and the linear relationship was F=-51.598 6+0.020 5 LA+0.716 3 I; The interception rate of corn plants to rainfall shows a typical power function growth relationship with leaf area. From the seedling stage to before tasseling, the interception rate can increase from 5% to 78%; The impact of rainfall intensity on interception rate is not significant, especially in the early stages of maize plant growth. However, in the later stages of maize growth, as rainfall intensity increases, interception rate shows a certain downward trend. Corn plants have a strong interception and redistribution effect on rainfall. Through reasonable planting methods, soil erosion caused by rainfall and irrigation on corn sloping farmland can be effectively reduced.