
保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂对玉米生长和水肥耦合的影响
佟长福, 侯洪飞, 李瑞平, 郑和祥, 田小强, 高海波, 苗怀仁
保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂对玉米生长和水肥耦合的影响
Effects of Water-holding Agent and Transpiration Inhibitor on Growth and Water-fertilizer Coupling in Maize
保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂的应用对玉米高效生产发挥着重要作用。为探究保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂对玉米生长和土壤水肥耦合的影响,在内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市乌审旗河南乡小石砭村进行田间试验。试验共设置4个处理,分别为灌水定额为30 mm并且施加保水剂(C1)、灌水定额为37.5 mm并且施加保水剂(C2)、灌水定额为45 mm并且施加蒸腾抑制剂(C3)和灌水定额为45 mm并且不施加试剂(CK)。结果表明:①保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂能有效提升土壤保水能力,与CK相比,C1、C2和C3处理下玉米生育期平均土壤含水率分别提升6.61%、11.94%和4.05%。②保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂能有效提升玉米株高,其中拔节期玉米株高提升率最高,C1、C2和C3较CK分别提升9.40%、17.45%和6.04%。③玉米的茎粗随着生育期的推进呈现出先快速增长后缓慢增长再略微减小的趋势,快速增长期为拔节期,拔节期相比于苗期茎粗平均增长率为60.21%。④保水剂的施加可以增加土壤肥力和土壤水肥之间的协同关系,C2相比于CK土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾和有机质含量分别增加37.57%、82.76%、88.66%、1.31%和37.83%;土壤水肥耦合度和耦合协调度分别增加77.74%和52.79%。综上所述,施加保水剂和蒸腾抑制剂可有效改善土壤水分状况,促进玉米生长发育,较不施加任何试剂的处理有明显优势。
The application of water retainers and transpiration inhibitors is crucial in the efficient production of maize. To investigate the effects of water retainers and transpiration inhibitors on the growth and development of maize and the coupling relationship between soil water and fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted in Xiaoshiqin Village, Henan Township, Wuqian Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Four treatments were set up in the experiment, namely, irrigation rate of 30 mm and application of water conservator (C1), irrigation rate of 37.5 mm and application of water conservator (C2), irrigation rate of 45 mm and application of transpiration inhibitor (C3), and irrigation rate of 45 mm and no application of reagent (CK). The results showed that: ①Compared with CK, the average soil water content during the maize reproductive period was increased by 6.61%, 11.94% and 4.05% under C1, C2 and C3 treatments, respectively. This suggests that water retention agent and transpiration inhibitor could effectively improve soil water retention capacity. ②The highest rate of corn plant height enhancement was observed during the nodulation stage, with C1, C2 and C3 elevated by 9.40%, 17.45% and 6.04%, respectively, compared with CK. This indicates that water retaining agent and transpiration inhibitor could effectively enhance corn plant height. ③The stem thickness of maize showed a trend of rapid growth followed by slow growth and then a slight decrease with the advancement of the reproductive period, with the rapid growth period being the nodulation stage, and the average growth rate of stem thickness at the nodulation stage compared with that at the seedling stage was 60.21%. ④The application of water retainer can increase soil fertility and synergistic relationship between soil water and fertilizer. In comparison to the CK treatment, soil total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, slow-acting potassium and organic matter content in C2 treatment increased by 37.57%, 82.76%, 88.66%, 1.31% and 37.83%, respectively. Soil water-fertilizer coupling and coupling coordination increased by 77.74% and 52.79%, respectively. In summary, the application of water retaining agents and transpiration inhibitors can effectively improve the soil moisture condition and promote the growth and development of maize, which has obvious advantages over the treatment without applying any reagents.
保水剂 / 蒸腾抑制剂 / 玉米生长 / 水肥耦合 / 协同 / 土壤含水率 {{custom_keyword}} /
water-holding agent / transpiration inhibitor / corn growth / water-fertilizer coupling / synergy / soil water content {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 玉米滴灌试验设计表Tab.1 Corn drip irrigation trial design table |
处理 | 灌水定额/mm | 灌溉定额/mm | 保水剂使用 | 蒸腾抑制剂 |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 30.0 | 210.0 | 是 | 否 |
C2 | 37.5 | 262.5 | 是 | 否 |
C3 | 45.0 | 315.0 | 否 | 是 |
CK | 45.0 | 315.0 | 否 | 否 |
表2 不同处理土壤肥力指标含量Tab.2 Content of soil fertility indicators in different treatments |
处理 | 全氮/(mg•kg-1) | 有效磷/(mg•kg-1) | 速效钾/(mg•kg-1) | 缓效钾/(mg•kg-1) | 有机质/(g•kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2 | 509 | 5.3 | 183 | 543 | 8.27 |
CK | 370 | 2.9 | 97 | 536 | 6.00 |
表3 不同处理土壤水肥耦合关系指数Tab.3 Soil water-fertilizer coupling relationship index for different treatments |
处理 | 耦合度 | 协调指数 | 耦合协调度 | 协调等级 | 耦合协调程度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2 | 0.557 | 0.167 | 0.305 | 4 | 轻度失调 |
CK | 0.124 | 0.167 | 0.144 | 2 | 严重失调 |
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