
灌水下限对北疆棉花光合生理和产量的影响
齐文婷, 王航, 薛皓文, 王政钧, 马晓鹏, 王建东, 肖娟
灌水下限对北疆棉花光合生理和产量的影响
Effect of Irrigation Lower Limit on Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield of Cotton in Northern Xinjiang
针对不同灌水下限对棉花叶片光合参数及产量影响的问题,通过大田试验,以当地常规滴灌作为对照(CK)分别在蕾期设置两种灌水下限:60%~65%田间持水量(θ 田)、70%~75% θ 田,花铃期设置3种灌水下限:55%~60% θ 田、60%~65% θ 田、70%~75% θ 田,共设计6种不同灌水下限处理,分析其对棉花不同生育阶段的光合特性和产量的影响,并探究了土壤重量含水率与光合参数之间的相关关系。研究结果表明,土壤重量含水率与棉花的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈显著正相关,与叶片水分利用效率呈负相关。综合考虑棉花灌水量、光合特性和产量的差异,运用TOPSIS熵权法进行综合效益评价,建议蕾期和花铃期灌水下限均设置为70%~75% θ 田,此时全生育期灌溉定额较CK降低26.32%,产量为6 946.65 kg/hm2,较CK处理提高26.46%,实现了棉花灌溉定额的大幅度降低和产量的显著提高(P<0.05)。
To address the issue of the effects of different irrigation lower limits on photosynthetic parameters and yield of cotton leaves, this study was conducted through a field experiment, using local conventional drip irrigation as the control (CK) to set two irrigation lower limits at the bud stage: 60%~65% field capacity and 70%~75% field capacity, and three irrigation lower limits at the boll stage: 55%~60% field capacity, 60%~65% field capacity,and 70%~75% field capacity, respectively. A total of six different irrigation lower limit treatments were designed to analyze their effects on photosynthetic characteristics and yield at different fertility stages of cotton, and the correlations between soil weight water content and photosynthetic parameters were explored. The results showed that soil weight water content was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of cotton, and negatively correlated with leaf water use efficiency. Considering the differences in cotton irrigation amount, photosynthetic characteristics and yield, and using the TOPSIS entropy weighting method for comprehensive benefit evaluation, it is recommended that the lower limit of irrigation at both bud stage and bolling stage be set at 70%~75% field capacity, at which time the irrigation quota for the whole life cycle was reduced by 26.32% compared with that of CK, and the yield was 6 946.65 kg/hm2, which was increased by 26.46% compared with that of the CK treatment, which realized the cotton irrigation quota's substantial reduction and significant increase in yield (P<0.05).
棉花 / 水分调控 / 光合特性 / 土壤重量含水率 / 产量 / TOPSIS熵权法 {{custom_keyword}} /
cotton / water regulation / photosynthetic characteristics / soil weight moisture content / yield / TOPSIS entropy weight method {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 供试土壤物理性状Tab.1 Physical properties of experimental soil |
土层 | 颗粒占比/% | 土壤容重 | 田间持水量 | 土壤质地 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<0.002 mm | 0.002~0.02 mm | 0.02~0.2 mm | ||||
0~10 | 15.6 | 44.4 | 38.4 | 1.52 | 27 | 黏壤土 |
10~20 | 13.5 | 47.9 | 37.4 | 1.59 | 26 | 粉(砂)质壤土 |
20~30 | 12.3 | 46.3 | 40.1 | 1.49 | 26 | 粉(砂)质壤土 |
30~40 | 15.6 | 48.1 | 35.4 | 1.45 | 27 | 粉(砂)质壤土 |
40~50 | 15.3 | 33.4 | 48.2 | 1.48 | 27 | 黏壤土 |
50~60 | 14.8 | 46.6 | 36.6 | 1.57 | 37 | 粉(砂)质壤土 |
60~70 | 25.7 | 44.3 | 28.8 | 1.45 | 29 | 壤质黏土 |
70~80 | 14.7 | 40.9 | 44.2 | 1.44 | 32 | 壤土 |
80~90 | 11.0 | 36.4 | 51.8 | 1.44 | 28 | 壤土 |
90~100 | 11.6 | 37.2 | 50.6 | 1.40 | 31 | 壤土 |
表2 灌水处理设计 (%)Tab.2 Arrangement of irrigation treatments |
处理 | 苗期(灌水控制上限100% θ 田) | 蕾期(灌水控制上限80%~85% θ 田) | 花铃期(灌水控制上限90%~95% θ 田) | 吐絮期(灌水控制上限100% θ 田) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 60~65 | 60~65 | 55-60 | 50~55 |
2 | 60~65 | 60~65 | 60~65 | 50~55 |
3 | 60~65 | 60~65 | 70~75 | 50~55 |
4 | 60~65 | 70~75 | 55-60 | 50~55 |
5 | 60~65 | 70~75 | 60~65 | 50~55 |
6 | 60~65 | 70~75 | 70~75 | 50~55 |
CK | 当地大田常规滴灌制度 |
表3 不同灌水下限棉花各生育期光合指标平均值Tab.3 Average value of photosynthetic indexes in different growth stages of cotton with different irrigation lower limits |
生育期 | 处理 | P n/(umol·m-2·s-1) | T r/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | G s/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | C i/(μmol·mmol-1) | WUE L/(μmol·mmol-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 | 1 | 17.92±3.97a | 3.24±0.57b | 156.54±10.87b | 196.05±7.08b | 5.54±0.38a |
2 | 17.89±4.66a | 3.26±0.92a | 164.13±27.23ab | 198.97±10.09a | 5.49±0.59b | |
3 | 17.49±3.60a | 3.21±0.85a | 166.81±19.58ab | 205.11±10.18a | 5.45±0.48b | |
4 | 17.32±1.86a | 3.17±0.75a | 158.21±25.24ab | 199.97±15.42a | 5.47±0.42b | |
5 | 18.03±2.68a | 3.14±1.00a | 158.70±25.63ab | 205.11±19.35a | 5.75±0.45b | |
6 | 18.37±2.69a | 3.31±0.82a | 160.86±22.07ab | 208.44±15.64a | 5.56±0.63b | |
CK | 18.58±1.72a | 3.90±0.87a | 167.75±7.32a | 206.99±14.39a | 5.62±0.38b | |
蕾期 | 1 | 18.11±3.27a | 3.64±1.02b | 174.79±95.15cde | 198.86±33.68d | 4.98±1.42a |
2 | 18.93±2.85a | 3.85±1.57ab | 175.68±60.70bcd | 202.04±58.07cd | 4.92±1.07a | |
3 | 18.50±3.76a | 3.70±1.30b | 171.62±79.35e | 207.39±59.80d | 4.90±1.17a | |
4 | 20.44±3.53a | 4.42±0.84a | 242.28±68.77ab | 225.29±59.28ab | 4.91±1.23a | |
5 | 19.97±3.90a | 4.07±1.23ab | 240.95±84.28abc | 216.55±66.13bc | 4.86±1.57a | |
6 | 19.37±3.83a | 4.11±1.07ab | 248.10±94.04ab | 234.70±51.79a | 4.71±0.73a | |
CK | 19.10±3.22a | 3.72±1.38b | 168.41±51.18de | 202.43±47.31bcd | 5.13±1.31a | |
花铃期 | 1 | 15.73±2.62b | 2.78±0.65bc | 113.14±13.85a | 173.92±36.78a | 5.47±1.08b |
2 | 15.80±3.62b | 2.79±0.77c | 113.60±14.53b | 173.28±29.18a | 6.10±1.48b | |
3 | 16.95±3.25b | 2.84±0.71a | 117.17±22.80ab | 184.21±33.36a | 5.94±1.20b | |
4 | 15.46±3.95a | 2.71±064bc | 106.53±29.41ab | 185.40±33.90a | 6.05±1.50a | |
5 | 16.30±3.00b | 2.74±0.66b | 108.09±20.15ab | 187.59±23.64a | 5.95±1.29b | |
6 | 16.61±3.27a | 2.88±0.83bc | 108.87±23.61ab | 179.29±21.00a | 5.76±1.43b | |
CK | 16.87±4.00b | 2.69±0.76c | 105.22±28.48ab | 176.53±24.60a | 6.27±1.61b | |
全生育期平均 | 1 | 17.30±3.10ab | 3.89±1.46ab | 148.16±81.91bc | 189.61±34.81b | 5.33±1.82a |
2 | 17.54±3.83ab | 3.97±1.06ab | 151.14±48.71cd | 191.43±40.97b | 5.50±2.29ab | |
3 | 17.65±3.49b | 3.92±1.31b | 151.86±57.74d | 195.97±42.42b | 5.43±2.35a | |
4 | 17.74±4.04ab | 4.10±1.03a | 169.00±77.04ab | 203.56±42.96a | 5.48±1.85b | |
5 | 18.10±3.71a | 3.98±1.43a | 169.25±86.17a | 203.08±44.05a | 5.52±2.02a | |
6 | 18.12±3.43a | 4.10±1.21a | 172.61±93.29ab | 207.48±38.70a | 5.34±2.09a | |
CK | 18.18±3.68ab | 4.10±1.48b | 147.13±49.32d | 195.32±34.35b | 5.68±2.38a |
图2 50 cm土壤重量含水率与P n、T r、G s和C i的相关性Fig.2 Correlation between 50cm soil weight moisture content and P n, T r, G s and C i |
表4 不同灌水下限棉花光合参数P n、T r、G s、C i与50 cm土壤重量含水率线性拟合关系Tab.4 Linear fitting relationship between cotton photosynthetic parameters P n, T r, G s, C i and soil moisture content with different irrigation lower limits |
处理 | P n/(umol·m-2·s-1) | T r/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
线性关系 | R 2 | P | 线性关系 | R 2 | P | |
1 | y =232.44 x -19.451 | 0.509 9 | P<0.01 | y =49.205 x -4.898 4 | 0.530 9 | P<0.01 |
2 | y =515.25 x -80.428 | 0.636 2 | y =112.79 x -18.296 0 | 0.570 0 | ||
3 | y =161.68 x -10.224 | 0.725 2 | y =61.249 x -7.943 7 | 0.705 4 | ||
4 | y =319.27 x -33.595 | 0.551 0 | y =98.142 x -11.946 0 | 0.562 4 | ||
5 | y =540.65 x -86.603 | 0.528 8 | y =201.40 x -35.339 0 | 0.612 0 | ||
6 | y =360.03 x -40.246 | 0.546 9 | y =131.95 x -17.702 0 | 0.615 5 | ||
CK | y =103.41 x -1.3957 | 0.620 6 | y =12.804 x +0.220 6 | 0.555 6 | ||
处理 | G s/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | C i/(umol·mol-1) | ||||
线性关系 | R 2 | P | 线性关系 | R 2 | P | |
1 | y =1 276.0 x -48.861 | 0.582 0 | P<0.01 | y =3 293.3 x -237.93 | 0.533 9 | ns |
2 | y =3 615.5 x -569.96 | 0.548 0 | y =4 416.8 x -657.21 | 0.518 1 | ||
3 | y =1 295.4 x -103.68 | 0.570 8 | y =1 505.6 x -68.062 | 0.631 9 | ||
4 | y =3 085.5 x -358.39 | 0.522 7 | y =4 221.7 x -461.48 | 0.529 7 | ||
5 | y =3 515.2 x -537.96 | 0.612 2 | y =6 088.2 x -939.16 | 0.462 9 | ||
6 | y =3 393.8 x -417.99 | 0.528 4 | y =3 619.8 x -383.02 | 0.578 3 | ||
CK | y =943.62 x -38.011 | 0.560 3 | y =560.08 x +105.73 | 0.530 1 |
表5 产量相关数据Tab.5 Output related data |
处理 | 收获密度/(万株·hm-2) | 单株铃数 | 单铃重/g | 籽棉产量/(kg·hm-2) | 籽棉产量排序 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 21.00±1.050a | 5.83±0.58ab | 5.21±0.12ab | 5 730.30±117.30b | 6 |
2 | 21.75±1.515a | 5.86±0.33ab | 5.52±0.40a | 6 320.10±693.45ab | 2 |
3 | 20.70±1.005a | 6.85±0.83ab | 4.81±0.22b | 6 136.05±273.30ab | 4 |
4 | 21.75±0.795a | 6.10±0.57ab | 5.25±0.02ab | 6 275.55±788.25ab | 3 |
5 | 21.30±0.390a | 6.86±0.50ab | 4.58±0.29ab | 6 042.00±420.30ab | 5 |
6 | 21.60±0.825a | 6.86±0.20a | 5.22±0.11ab | 6 946.65±224.55a | 1 |
CK | 21.30±0.900a | 5.72±0.60b | 5.02±0.22ab | 5 493.00±410.70b | 7 |
表6 棉花光合指标、产量及其构成因素、灌水次数和灌溉定额综合效益评价Tab.6 Comprehensive benefit evaluation of cotton photosynthetic index, yield and its components, irrigation times and irrigation quota |
处理 | 正理想解距离D+ | 负理想解距离D- | 相对接近度C | 排序 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.212 3 | 0.172 9 | 0.448 8 | 6 |
2 | 0.185 3 | 0.201 4 | 0.520 7 | 4 |
3 | 0.146 9 | 0.218 2 | 0.597 6 | 2 |
4 | 0.181 2 | 0.189 8 | 0.511 5 | 5 |
5 | 0.163 9 | 0.195 3 | 0.543 8 | 3 |
6 | 0.127 4 | 0.218 8 | 0.632 0 | 1 |
CK | 0.224 2 | 0.160 1 | 0.416 6 | 7 |
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