
土壤水热盐对冻融条件下不同咸水灌水量的响应特征
姬佳琪, 高晓瑜, 刘霞, 王丽萍, 屈忠义
土壤水热盐对冻融条件下不同咸水灌水量的响应特征
Response Mechanism of Soil Water, Heat and Salt to Different Saline Water Irrigation Amount under Freeze-thaw Conditions
为探究不同灌水量下咸水结冰灌溉对土壤水热盐变化的影响,以重度盐碱地为研究对象,在内蒙古达拉特旗开展为期2 a的咸水结冰灌溉试验,试验设置不同的灌水梯度,灌水量分别为140 mm(T1)、180 mm(T2)、220 mm(T3)以及不灌水的对照组(CK),地下水矿化度约为8~10 g/L,将黄河水与地下水进行混合,使其矿化度维持在3~5 g/L进行灌溉。通过对试验期内土壤含水率、土壤温度、八大离子等指标的检测,探究咸水结冰灌溉期间土壤水热盐的变化规律。结果表明次年土壤含水率随着灌水量的增加而增加;土壤保温效果与灌水量呈正相关,随着连续结冰灌溉年限的增加,土壤脱盐率逐渐增加。播种前0~20 cm土层含水率为57%~74%,相比于CK组提高了55%~66.1%。咸水结冰灌溉对于春季土壤脱盐具有积极作用,脱盐率T2(73.5%)>T1(68.05%)> T3(42.1%),CK组表现为积盐;黄河南岸灌区采用地下水进行咸水结冰灌溉时灌水量选择180 mm时能保证在土壤含水率与温度良好的基础上最大限度地降低土壤盐分。
Based on the large amount of agricultural irrigation in Inner Mongolia, the shortage of fresh water resources, the abundance of saline-alkali land resources, and the abundance of brackish water resources that can be developed and utilized, exploring a reasonable brackish water irrigation system is an important direction of water saving. In order to explore the effect of saline water freezing irrigation on soil water, heat and salt changes under different irrigation amounts. Taking the severe saline-alkali land as the research object, a two-year experiment on saline water freezing irrigation was conducted in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia. The irrigation amount was 140 mm (T1), 180 mm (T2), 220 mm (T3) and the control group without irrigation treatment (CK). The salinity of irrigation water was about 8~10 g/L, and it was mixed with Yellow River water to maintain an irrigation water salinity of 3~5 g/L. By monitoring the changes of soil moisture content, soil temperature, eight ions and other indicators during the test period, the changes of soil water, heat and salt during saline water freezing irrigation were explored. In the second year, the soil moisture content increased as the irrigation amount increased. The soil heat preservation effect was positively correlated with the irrigation amount. With the increase of continuous freezing irrigation years, the soil desalination rate gradually increased. The water content of 0~20 cm soil layer before sowing was 57%~74%, which was 55%~66.1% higher than that of CK group. Saline water freezing irrigation had a positive effect on soil desalination in spring, and the desalination rate was T2 (73.5%)>T1 (68.05%)>T3(42.1%), and the CK group showed salt accumulation. When the irrigation amount of saline water freezing irrigation is 180 mm, it can ensure the maximum reduction of soil salinity on the basis of good soil moisture content and temperature.
盐碱地 / 结冰灌溉 / 冻融指数 / 咸水灌水量 / 水热盐 / 脱盐率 {{custom_keyword}} /
saline-alkali land / ice irrigation / freeze-thaw index / saline water irrigation amount / water heat salt / desalination rate {{custom_keyword}} /
图1 试验区降水及日均气温Fig.1 Daily average temperature and precipitation during the experiment period |
表1 灌溉水矿化度及八大离子组成Tab.1 Groundwater salinity and eight major ion composition |
pH值 | 全盐量/(g·L-1) | 八大离子含量/(cmol·kg-1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO3 2- | HCO3 - | Cl- | SO4 2- | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ +Na+ | ||
7.62 | 3.83 | 0 | 0.84 | 2.13 | 2.82 | 0.75 | 1.86 | 3.62 |
表2 土壤理化性质Tab.2 Soil physical and chemical properties |
土层深度/cm | 饱和含水率/% | 田间持水率 (质量含水率)/% | 容重/(g·cm-3) | 总孔隙度/% | 粒径组成/% | 土壤质地 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥0.02 mm | 0.02~0.002 mm | ≤0.002 mm | ||||||
0~20 | 29.96~35.02 | 27.69~31.89 | 1.46~1.49 | 41.8~42.9 | 57.13 | 36.62 | 6.26 | 砂壤土 |
20~40 | 36.72~39.25 | 32.1~36.07 | 1.36~1.42 | 44.5~46.9 | 20.2 | 61.4 | 18.4 | 粉黏壤土 |
40~60 | 34.82~40.01 | 32.3~35.86 | 1.35~1.45 | 43.3~47.3 | 63.52 | 31.23 | 5.25 | 砂壤土 |
60~100 | 30.32~35.16 | 26.56~31.15 | 1.44~1.47 | 42.6~43.8 | 60.36 | 33.60 | 6.05 | 砂壤土 |
表3 土壤孔隙度变化Tab.3 Variation of soil porosity |
处理 | 取样深度/mm | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
冻结前 | 消融后 | 冻结前 | 消融后 | ||
T1 | 0~20 | 32.14 | 41.83 | 33.5 | 41.27 |
20~40 | 46.23 | 50.24 | 45.24 | 50.53 | |
T2 | 0~20 | 32.16 | 47.63 | 30.62 | 41.25 |
20~40 | 47.05 | 52.64 | 43.26 | 50.04 | |
T3 | 0~20 | 31.25 | 39.95 | 36.35 | 41.21 |
20~40 | 44.2 | 49.52 | 42.52 | 50.42 | |
CK | 0~20 | 30.62 | 35.65 | 31.58 | 36.2 |
20~40 | 42.66 | 42.55 | 42.93 | 48.9 |
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