水氮耦合条件下冬小麦生长和氮素营养诊断

武荣 李援农

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节水灌溉 ›› 2017 ›› (12) : 27-32.
试验研究

水氮耦合条件下冬小麦生长和氮素营养诊断

  • 武荣1,李援农2
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Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis of Winter Wheat under Different Water and Nitrogen Conditions

  • WU Rong1 ,LI Yuan-nong2
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摘要

基于2年大田试验,对比研究了不同施氮量(N1:80 kg/hm2,N2:160 kg/hm2,N3:240 kg/hm2)和水分(W1:拔节期和抽穗期分别补灌30 mm,W0:不灌溉)处理对冬小麦地上部生物量累积、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。此外,构建了2种水分条件下的冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,并据此建立氮营养指数模型对冬小麦进行氮素营养诊断。结果表明,一定水分条件下,中氮处理的地上部生物量显著高于低氮处理,且与高氮处理差异不显著;一定施氮水平下,适当补充灌溉可提高冬小麦地上部生物量累积。2种水分处理的冬小麦地上部最大生物量与临界氮浓度间符合幂函数关系,拟合度均达到极显著水平,且在年际间具有较好的稳定性。综合氮营养指数和施氮量与产量的拟合曲线得出,W0和W1条件下,冬小麦获得最高产量时对应的施氮量分别为171 kg/hm2和186 kg/hm2。2个冬小麦生长季,W1N2处理的平均水分利用效率分别较W0N2和W1N3处理提高10.57%和14.01%;平均氮肥利用效率分别较W0N2和W1N3处理提高10.97%和55.77%,是合理的灌水施肥处理。

Abstract

A 2 -year field experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2017 to explore the effect of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation treatments on shoot biomass accumulation,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. In the experiment,the nitrogen application rates were 80 kg /hm2 ( N1) ,160 kg /hm2 ( N2) ,and 240 kg /hm2 ( N3) ; the irrigation treatments were supplement with 30 mm irrigation at jointing and heading stage ( W1) ,and no irrigation ( W0) . In addition,critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves under the two irrigation conditions were constructed. The nitrogen nutrition index model based on critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve was used to diagnose nitrogen status of winter wheat. The results showed that N2 treatment had a significantly higher shoot biomass than N1 treatment,but had no significant difference with N3 treatment,under a certain irrigation condition; a proper supplementation of irrigation could increase the biomass accumulation of winter wheat at a same nitrogen application level; the relationship between maximum shoot biomass and critical nitrogen concentration of winter wheat could be described by a negative power function with a high fit degree; took consideration of nitrogen nutrition index and the fitted curve between yield and nitrogen application rate,the suitable nitrogen application rate was 171 and 186 kg /hm2 ,respectively,under the W0 and W1 conditions; in the two winter wheat seasons,the average water use efficiency of W1N2 treatment was increased by 10.57% and 14.01% than W0N2 and W1N3 treatment,respectively; the average nitrogen use efficiency of W1N2 treatment was increased by 10.97% and 55.77% than W0N2 and W1N3 treatment,respectively. In conclusion,the W1N2 was the reasonable irrigation and fertilization treatment among the all treatments. 

关键词

水氮耦合 / 地上部生物量 / 临界氮浓度 / 水氮利用效率 / 冬小麦

Key words

coupling of water and nitrogen / shoot biomass / critical nitrogen concentration / water and nitrogen use efficiency / winter wheat

基金

陕西省教育厅 2017 年度专项科学研究计划( 17JK0879)

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武荣 李援农. 水氮耦合条件下冬小麦生长和氮素营养诊断[J].节水灌溉, 2017(12): 27-32
WU Rong, LI Yuan-nong. Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis of Winter Wheat under Different Water and Nitrogen Conditions[J].Water Saving Irrigation, 2017(12): 27-32

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