起垄覆膜垄沟覆草对山地苹果树氮肥吸收、利用、产量和品质的影响

节水灌溉 ›› 2018 ›› (2) : 19-25.

郭伟1 ，王延平1 ，韩明玉2 ，张林森2 ，穆艳3 ，李生光4

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Effect of Ｒidge Ffilm Mulching Combined with Straw Mulching Technology on N Absorption and Utilization of Apple in Loess Hilly Area of Northern Shaanxi Province

GUO Wei1 ，WANG Yan-ping1 ，HAN Ming-yu2 ，ZHANG Lin-sen2 ，MU Yan3 ，LI Sheng-guang4

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摘要

为给起垄覆膜垄沟覆草集雨条件下氮肥的施用提供科学依据。以 7 年生红富士苹果树为试材，田间布设起垄覆膜垄沟覆草( FS) 、常规管理( CK) 两种田间管理措施，3 个氮肥施用水平( N 201．53、403．05、604．58 kg / hm2 ，分别以 N1、N2、N3 表示) ，每株树施 15N－尿素 5 g，利用 15N 同位素示踪技术，研究不同处理对果树氮肥吸收、利用、产量和品质的影响。不同物候期 FS 的叶片氮含量高于 CK，春梢旺长期差异达到显著水平，叶片氮含量随叶龄的增加而降低，N2 水平叶片含氮量高于 N1 和 N3 ; 不同物候期 FS 的叶片 Ndff 值高于 CK，生长季内叶片的 Ndff 值呈现“先增后降” 的趋势，但是 N2 水平的 Ndff 值始终高于 N1 和 N3 ; 在果实采收期，FS 的叶片、新稍、多年生枝、主枝、主干和果实的 Ndff 值均明显高于 CK，且各器官 N2 的 Ndff 值均高于 N1 和 N3 ; FS 的 15N－尿素利用率较 CK 处理提高 6． 65% ～ 13．41%，FS 的 N2 水平的氮肥利用率显著高于 N1、N3 水平( P＜0．05) 。FS 的单株产量、单果质量、优果率均高于 CK，可溶性固形物、硬度、可滴定酸与 CK 接近，但不同施氮水平都表现为 N2 最大，N3 次之，N1 最小。在干旱贫瘠的山地苹果园，采用起垄覆膜垄沟覆草管理措施可以提高果树对氮肥的吸收、利用率，提高产量和改善品质。

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the application of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of ridge film mulching combined with straw mulching technology． In this study，seven-year-old Fuji apple trees and 15N trace technique were used to explore the characteristic of 15N－urea absorption，utilization，fruit yield and quality under the condition of ridge film mulching combined with straw mulching technology and CK． The experiment had three application level of nitrogen fertilizer ( N 201．53，403．05，604．58 kg / hm2 ， respectively，named N1，N2 and N3 ) ，and each tree was 15N－urea 5 g． The results showed that: the nitrogen content of the leaves of FS was higher than that of CK in different phenological phase，and the difference reached a significant level in rapid growth stage of spring twig，the nitrogen content of leaves decreased with the increase of leaf age，and the nitrogen content of N2 was higher than that of N1 and N3 ． Ndff of the leaves of FS was higher than that of CK in different phenological phase，and Ndff of the leaves presented the trend of“first increase and then drop”in the growth season，but Ndff of N2 was higher than that of N1 and N3 ． In the period of harvest fruit，Ndffs of leaves，new shoots， branches of perennials，boughs，trunk and fruits under condition of FS were significantly higher than those of CK，and the Ndffs of N2 were higher than that of N1 and N3 ． The 15N－urea utilization ratio of FS was increased by 6．65% to 13．41% compared with CK，and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of N2 was significantly higher than that of N1 and N3( P＜0．05) under condition of FS． Yield，fruit quality and superior fruit rate of FS were higher than those of CK，and soluble solids，hardness，titratable acid were closed to those of CK，but under condition of different nitrogen levels，N2 showed the largest，followed by N3，and then N1 ． It can be concluded that in the arid and barren hilly apple orchards，FS can improve the absorption，utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and yield and fruit quality．

关键词

起垄覆膜垄沟覆草 / 苹果 / 15N－尿素 / 吸收 / 利用 / 陕北黄土丘陵区

Key words

ridge film mulching combined with straw mulching technology / apple / 15N-urea / absorption / utilization / Loess hilly area of Northern Shaanx

基金

国家自然科学基金项目( 41571218，41401613) ; 陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目( 2014KTCL02-06) 。

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郭伟, 王延平, 韩明玉, 张林森, 穆艳, 李生光. 起垄覆膜垄沟覆草对山地苹果树氮肥吸收、利用、产量和品质的影响[J].节水灌溉, 2018(2): 19-25

GUO Wei, WANG Yan-ping, HAN Ming-yu, ZHANG Lin-sen, MU Yan, LI Sheng-guang. Effect of Ｒidge Ffilm Mulching Combined with Straw Mulching Technology on N Absorption and Utilization of Apple in Loess Hilly Area of Northern Shaanxi Province[J].Water Saving Irrigation, 2018(2): 19-25

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收稿日期	修订日期	出版日期
2017-10-20	2017-09-12	2018-02-15
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2020-04-25

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