为了探明秸秆量对垄沟二元覆盖下农田土壤温度动态变化及硝态氮分布的影响，对夏玉米进行了田间试验研究。秸秆量设置为2500（MG1）、5000（MG2）、7500（MG3）和10000 kg/hm2（MG4），以平作无覆盖为对照（CK），共5个处理。试验结果表明，秸秆覆盖可显著调节土壤温度。各处理生育期内0～20 cm土壤温度较CK降低0.5℃、1.6℃、2.5℃和3.0℃，前期降温作用大于后期，且覆盖量越大，降温效果越明显。覆盖处理能平抑极端温度，最大极端温差较CK降低1.59℃、3.64℃、4.95℃和5.18℃。覆盖对土壤温度的影响主要表现在0～10 cm处，其中5 cm处温差最大，该处生育期内土壤温度较CK降低0.54℃、2.08℃、3.04℃和3.51℃。土壤硝态氮含量浅层较对照分别降低5.55 %、12.18 %、18.71 %和19.89 % ，深层较对照分别增加4.81 %、9.58 %、13.22 %和13.80 % ，且土壤剖面中硝态氮含量峰值较对照下移20 cm、30 cm、40 cm和40 cm。
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of the straw rates on soil temperature dynamic and nitrate nitrogen distribution under dual-mulching of ridge and furrow, field experiments were carried out on summer maize. Five experimental treatments, including straw mulching application rates of 2500 (MG1), 5000 (MG2), 7500 (MG3), 10000 kg / hm2 (MG4) and flat without cover (CK), were designed. The results showed that straw mulching could significantly regulate soil temperature. Compared with the control treatment, the average soil temperature of 0～20 cm decreased by 0.5 ℃, 1.6 ℃, 2.5 ℃ and 3.0 ℃ at the growing period, the Pre-cooling effect was greater than the late, and the greater the mulching rates, the more obvious cooling effect. The maximum extreme temperature difference could be reduced by 1.59 ℃, 3.64 ℃, 4.95 ℃ and 5.18 ℃, respectively, compared with control treatment. The effect of covering on soil temperature was mainly at 0～10 cm soil layer, at the same time, the largest temperature difference was 5 cm, where the average soil temperature was reduced by 0.54 ℃, 2.08 ℃, 3.04 ℃ and 3.51 ℃ compared with control treatment. The results showed that the soil nitrate nitrogen content of shallower layer decreased by 5.55%, 12.18%, 18.71% and 19.89%, respectively, and the deeper layer increased by 4.81%, 9.58%, 13.22% and 13.80%. In the soil profile, the peak value of nitrate nitrogen was 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 40 cm lower than that of control.
关键词
秸秆覆盖 /
温度 /
硝态氮 /
夏玉米
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Key words
straw mulching /
temperature /
nitrate nitrogen /
summer maize
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基金
公益性行业科研专项项目( 201503105) ; 国家高技术研究发展计划( “863”计划) 项目( 2011AA100504)
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