小麦灌溉用水是河北省南部平原区最主要的用水项，其用水量一般由河北省《用水定额》推算。但在实际灌溉中灌溉用水量与理论推算灌溉用水量往往存在较大偏差，为了准确得到小麦灌溉真实用水量为区域水资源规划与管理提供支撑。本次在河北省衡水市、沧州市、邢台市和邯郸市4市48个县选择401个典型地块进行了小麦灌水试验。试验期跨越整个冬小麦生育期，灌水试验采用超声波流量计和体积法进行相互印证，并结合小麦生育期内用电量及灌溉次数对灌溉用水量进行了测算。结果表明，理论推算灌溉用水量总体比试验灌溉用水量偏低4.9%，太行山山前平原区各典型县理论推算灌溉用水定额总体高于试验灌溉用水量26.3%，黑龙港低平原区各典型县理论推算灌溉用水定额总体略低于试验灌溉用水量0.7%。灌溉用水量相差较大的主要原因为田间灌溉技术的影响，因此对灌溉技术的改进是降低灌溉用水量的重要手段。
Abstract
Wheat irrigation water is the most important water item in the southern plain area of Hebei province, and its water consumption is generally calculated by 《the water quota》 of Hebei province. However, in the actual irrigation, irrigation water consumption and theoretical calculation of irrigation water consumption tend to have a large deviation. In order to accurately get the actual wheat irrigation water consumption to provide support for the regional water resources planning and management. This time in Hengshui city, Cangzhou city, Xingtai city and Handan city of Hebei Province 4 cities and 48 counties selected 401 typical plots for wheat irrigation test. The experiment period crossed the whole winter wheat growth period, the irrigation flow test was carried out by ultrasonic flowmeter and volumetric method to confirm each other, and the irrigation water consumption was measured combining the electricity consumption and irrigation times in the wheat growth period. The results show that the total amount of irrigation water is 4.9% lower than that of the experimental irrigation water. The estimated water consumption of the typical counties in the Taihang Mountains is 26.3% higher than that in the experimental irrigation water, and the typical counties in the low plains of the Black Dragon County, the theoretical estimate of irrigation water quota is slightly lower than the experimental irrigation water consumption of 0.7%. The main reason for the difference of irrigation water consumption is the influence of irrigation technology in the field, so the improvement of irrigation technology is an important means to reduce irrigation water consumption.
关键词
灌溉用水量 /
灌溉用水定额 /
灌水试验 /
田间灌溉技术 /
河北省南部
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Key words
irrigation water consumption /
irrigation water quota /
irrigation test /
field irrigation technique /
southern Hebei Province
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基金
河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目( 15227005D) ; 河北省教育厅科学研究计划项目( QN2016233，ZD2016131)
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