为探索加气灌溉下作物适宜的施肥量，试验设计了高氮、中氮、低氮3个施肥水平，加气和不加气（作为对照）两种灌水方式，采用两因素三水平完全随机区组设计，共6个处理。研究了加气和不加气两种灌溉方式下，不同施肥水平对温室番茄株高、茎粗、干物质量和品质的影响。结果表明：加气灌溉下，作物株高、茎粗较不加气处理分别显著增大了6.2%、11%，干物质量显著增大了11.7%，单株产量、维C、可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比较不加气处理分别显著增大了6.7%、11.6%、11.3%、7.5%、4.1%。因此加气灌溉在促进植株生长发育的同时，也有效提高了作物产量和品质。同时，加气灌溉不同施肥水平试验结果表明，中氮施肥水平下，植株茎粗、干物质量、果实产量、品质较高氮和低氮处理均有显著增大，且施肥水平和加气灌溉对番茄株高、产量产生显著的交叉影响效应。因此，考虑各处理对番茄生长发育、产量品质的综合影响，加气灌溉中氮施肥水平是较优的灌溉施肥模式。
Abstract
In order to explore the suitable amount of fertilizer for crops under aerated irrigation, three fertilization levels of high nitrogen, middle nitrogen and low nitrogen, and two irrigation methods of aerated and unaerated (as the control) were designed. Two factors and three levels of completely random block design were adopted, with a total of 6 treatments.The effects of different fertilizer levels on plant height, stem diameter, dry matter quality and quality of greenhouse tomato under aerated and unaerated irrigation were studied.The results showed that under aerated irrigation, plant height and stem diameter increased by 6.2% and 11% respectively, dry matter mass increased by 11.7%, yield per plant, vitamin C, soluble sugar, organic acid and saccharic acid increased by 6.7%, 11.6%, 11.3%, 7.5% and 4.1% respectively, compared with that without aeration.Therefore, aerated irrigation can not only promote plant growth and development, but also effectively improve crop yield and quality.At the same time, the test results of different fertilization levels in aerated irrigation showed that under the condition of middle nitrogen, the plant stem diameter, dry matter quality, fruit yield and quality were significantly increased compared with those under high nitrogen and low nitrogen . Moreover, fertilization level and aerated irrigation had significant cross-effect on tomato plant height and yield Therefore, considering the comprehensive influence of each treatment on the growth, development and yield and quality of tomato, the middle nitrogen level in aerated irrigation is a better model of irrigation and fertilization
关键词
加气灌溉 /
番茄 /
施肥水平 /
产量 /
品质
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Key words
aerated irrigation /
tomato /
fertilization level /
yield /
quality
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目( 2018YFC0407703－4) ; 山东省省级水利科研与技术推广项目( SDSLKY201708) 。
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