
智能氮肥在干湿交替灌溉下对水稻产量与水分利用率的影响
王易天, 郭相平, Hamoud Yousef Alhaj, 曹克文, 朱建彬
智能氮肥在干湿交替灌溉下对水稻产量与水分利用率的影响
Effects of Smart Fertilizer Under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rice
为探究智能氮肥(pH响应性控释氮肥)在干湿交替灌溉模式下的适宜性,设置3种程度的干湿交替灌溉W1(灌水下限100%饱和含水率)、W2(灌水下限90%饱和含水率)、W3(灌水下限70%饱和含水率),3种施肥形式智能氮肥(SF)、普通无机氮肥(MF)以及不施氮肥(NF)的桶栽试验,分析其对水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:SF×W1处理下下产量最高,为64.84 g/桶,高出常规氮肥21.8%(W1)、13.9%(W2)。SF×W1处理下水分生产效最高,为3.17 kg/m3,SF×W2处理下灌水生产率最高,为1.20 kg/m3。智能氮肥在与适度干湿交替灌溉结合下,能达到节水、增产的目的,是实现水稻节水、高产、控肥的有效途径。
In order to find out the suitability of the smart fertilizer (pH-responsive coated fertilizer) under alternate wetting and drying irrigation, a pot planting test with three levels of alternate wetting and drying irrigation, including W1 (100% saturated water content as the lowest limit of irrigation), W2 (90% saturated water content as the lowest limit of irrigation) and W3 (70% saturated water content as the lowest limit of irrigation), and three fertilizer methods, including smart fertilizer (SF), common mineral nitrogen fertilizer (MF) and no nitrogen fertilizer (NF), was carried out. The effects of the treatments on yield and water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of SF×W1 treatment was the highest and reached to 64.84 g/pot, which was 21.8% (W1) and 13.9% (W2) higher than that of normal nitrogen fertilizer. The water use efficiency of SF×W1 treatment was the highest, which was 3.17 kg/m3 and the irrigation water use efficiency of SF×W2 treatment was the highest and reached to 1.20 kg/m3. Combined with moderate alternate wetting and drying irrigation, smart fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield and water use efficiency, which is an effective way to realize water saving and high yield of rice.
水稻 / 控释肥 / 干湿交替灌溉 / 产量 / 水分利用率 {{custom_keyword}} /
rice / controlled-release fertilizer / alternate wetting and drying irrigation / yield / water use efficiency {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同灌溉制度的水分管理方案Tab.1 Water management under different irrigation regimes |
灌溉制度 | 控制指标 | 返青期 | 分蘖期 | 穗分化期 | 抽穗扬花期 | 灌浆结实期 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 灌水上限 | 30 mm | 50 mm | 30 mm | 50 mm | 50 mm |
灌水下限 | 10 mm | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | |
W2 | 灌水上限 | 30 mm | 50 mm | 30 mm | 50 mm | 50 mm |
灌水下限 | 10 mm | 90% | 90% | 90% | 90% | |
W3 | 灌水上限 | 30 mm | 50 mm | 30 mm | 50 mm | 50 mm |
灌水下限 | 10 mm | 70% | 70% | 70% | 70% |
表2 不同处理下水稻产量 g/桶Tab.2 Grain yield under different water-fertilizer managements |
处理 | W1 | W2 | W3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF | MF | SF | NF | MF | SF | NF | MF | SF | |
单穴产量 | 43.87 | 53.23 | 64.84 | 36.25 | 46.6 | 53.07 | 22.57 | 23.02 | 24.81 |
c | b | a | d | bc | b | e | e | e |
表3 不同水肥管理下的水稻产量及其构成因素Tab.3 Grain yield and its yield components under different water-fertilizer managements |
处理 | 有效穗数/桶-1 | 每穗粒数/(粒·穗-1) | 结实率/% | 千粒重/g | 单穴产量/(g·桶-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | NF | 15.33Ac | 124.11Aa | 87.35Aa | 23.10Ab | 43.87Ab |
MF | 22.04Ab | 119.45Aab | 88.05Aa | 24.67Ab | 53.23Ab | |
SF | 25.56Aa | 116.60Ab | 87.50Aa | 29.19Aa | 64.84Aa | |
W2 | NF | 13.11Ab | 120.43Aa | 85.77Bb | 21.89Ac | 36.25Ac |
MF | 17.78Aa | 136.50Ba | 85.68Bb | 23.83Ab | 46.60Ab | |
SF | 22.01Ba | 132.79Aa | 86.15Aa | 26.44Aa | 53.07Ba | |
W3 | NF | 11.33Aa | 106.08Aa | 84.52Ba | 15.31Bb | 22.57Ba |
MF | 12.67Ba | 108.06Ba | 85.37Ba | 18.58Bab | 23.02Ba | |
SF | 13.11Ca | 118.69Aa | 86.58Aa | 21.55Ba | 24.81Ca | |
I | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | |
F | ** | ns | ns | ** | ** | |
I×F | * | ns | ns | * | ** |
表4 不同水氮管理下的灌水生产率和水分生产率Tab.4 IWUE and WUE under different water-nitrogen management |
处理 | 灌水量/mm | 需水量/mm | 灌水生产率/(kg·m-3) | 水分生产率/(kg·m-3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | NF | 2 989.1 Aa | 1 036.8 Aa | 0.73 Ab | 2.12 Ab |
MF | 2 920.0 Ab | 1 027.0 Aa | 0.91 Ab | 2.59 Ab | |
SF | 2 818.1 Ac | 1 023.9 Aa | 1.15 Aa | 3.17 Aa | |
W2 | NF | 2 308.5 Bb | 980.8 Ba | 0.79 Bc | 1.85 ABb |
MF | 2 332.8 Ba | 977.6 Ba | 1.00 Ab | 2.38 Aa | |
SF | 2 209.5 Bc | 972.2 Ba | 1.20 Aa | 2.73 Ba | |
W3 | NF | 1 811.9 Ca | 835.6 Ca | 0.62 Ca | 1.35 Ba |
MF | 1 762.7 Cb | 799.7 Cb | 0.65 Ba | 1.44 Ba | |
SF | 1 632.4 Cc | 785.2 Cb | 0.76 Ba | 1.58 Ca | |
I | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
F | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
I×F | ** | * | ns | * |
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