
烤烟控水节肥育苗措施对水肥利用和烟苗素质的影响
高天, 王均宜, 陈亚茹, 李世琛, 赵正雄
烤烟控水节肥育苗措施对水肥利用和烟苗素质的影响
Effects of Water Control and Fertilizer Saving Methods on Water and Fertilizer Utilization and Flue-cured Tobacco Seedling Quality
为探明有利于减少水肥投入和降低养分残留的烤烟育苗方法,在烤烟育苗环节以常规水肥管理(CM)为对照,设置了控水节肥模式一(OM1)和控水节肥模式二(OM2)两种控水节肥育苗措施,考察了两个试验点不同控水节肥措施下的水肥利用、肥料残留和烟苗生长状况。结果表明,与常规对照(CM)相比,控水节肥(OM)处理下烟株出苗率、茎高、全株生物量及水分利用效率均无显著差异(P>0.05),试验点一和试验点二氮、磷、钾养分残留量分别平均减少52.7%和58.9%、47.8%和60.2%、45.1%和61.5%;与控水节肥模式一(OM1)相比,控水节肥模式二(OM2)耗水量和水分利用效率无显著差异(P>0.05),试验点一和试验点二氮、磷、钾肥残留量分别减少48.6%和28.1%,42.9%和37.7%,36.3%和41.1%,烟苗茎围分别增加了1.8%和27.0%。控水节肥模式二(控制维持水层深度8 cm和初始氮素浓度50 mg/kg)能够在保障烟苗移栽素质的前提下,减少育苗氮肥投入47.7%,降低苗池水体氮、磷、钾养分残留量,是一种值得推荐的绿色高效育苗水肥管理措施。
In order to find out the methods of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising which are beneficial to reduce water and fertilizer input and reduce nutrient residue, two water-control and fertilizer-saving seedling raising measures, namely water control and fertilizer saving mode I (OM1) and water control and fertilizer saving mode II (OM2), were set in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process with conventional water and fertilizer management (CM) as the control. Water and fertilizer utilization, fertilizer residue and tobacco seedling growth were investigated under different water control and fertilizer saving measures. The results showed that compared with CM, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in seedling emergence rate, stem height, whole plant biomass and water use efficiency under OM. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient residues at test site 1 and test site 2 were reduced by 52.7% and 58.9%, 47.8% and 60.2%, 45.1% and 61.5%, respectively. Compared with OM1, the water consumption and water use efficiency of OM2 had no significant difference (P>0.05). The residues of N, P and K at test site 1 and test site 2 were reduced by 48.6% and 28.1%, 42.9% and 37.7%, 36.3% and 41.1%, respectively, and the stem circumference of tobacco seedlings was increased by 1.8% and 27.0%, respectively. OM2 (control and maintain water layer depth of 8 cm and initial nitrogen concentration of 50 mg/kg) could reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer for seedling raising by 47.7% and the residual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water of the seedling pool under the premise of guaranteeing the transplanting quality of tobacco seedlings. So it is a kind of recommended green and efficient water and fertilizer management measure for seedling breeding.
烤烟 / 水肥利用 / 烟苗素质 / 控水节肥 / 水肥管理 / 控制灌溉 / 水分利用效率 {{custom_keyword}} /
flue-cured tobacco / water and fertilizer utilization / tobacco seedling quality / water control and fertilizer saving / water and fertilizer management / controlled irrigation / water use efficiency {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 各处理水肥管理方式Tab.1 The water and fertilizer managements in each treatment |
处理 | 水层控制深度/cm | 施氮浓度/(mg·kg-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
播种-出苗 | 出苗-成苗 | 播种-出苗 | 出苗-成苗 | |
CM | 5 | 15 | 100 | 100 |
OM1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 |
OM2 | 5 | 8 | 50 | 100 |
表2 各处理肥料具体施用情况 (mg/株)Tab.2 The arrangement of fertilizer application in each treatment |
处理 | 试验点一 | 试验点二 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | |
CM | 18.7 | 15.6 | 18.7 | 25.8 | 19.6 | 25.8 |
OM1 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 12.2 | 16.1 | 12.3 | 16.1 |
OM2 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 11.2 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 13.5 |
表3 不同处理育苗耗水量及水分利用效率Tab.3 The water consumption and WUE in each treatment |
试验点 | 处理 | 耗水量/(kg·株-1) | 水分利用效率/(kg·m-3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种-大十字期 | 大十字期-成苗期 | 全育苗期 | 全育苗期 | ||
试验点一 | CM | 0.222±0.023 a | 0.218±0.010 a | 0.440±0.013 a | 1.666±0.093 a |
OM1 | 0.172±0.047 a | 0.206±0.040 a | 0.378±0.087 a | 1.518±0.089 a | |
OM2 | 0.174±0.009 a | 0.190±0.019 a | 0.364±0.017 a | 1.941±0.717 a | |
试验点二 | CM | 0.067±0.014 a | 0.089±0.008 a | 0.156±0.022 a | 2.364±0.504 a |
OM1 | 0.069±0.013 a | 0.076±0.001 b | 0.145±0.012 a | 2.366±0.272 a | |
OM2 | 0.067±0.002 a | 0.068±0.003 b | 0.136±0.014 a | 2.429±0.055 a |
表4 不同处理烟苗氮、磷、钾吸收量 (mg/株)Tab.4 The N, P and K uptake of tobacco seedling in each treatment |
试验点 | 处理 | 氮素吸收量 | 磷素吸收量 | 钾素吸收量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
试验点一 | CM | 15.87±1.23 a | 3.26±0.86 a | 18.36±2.88 a |
OM1 | 13.27±0.72 a | 2.54±0.14 a | 14.11±1.52 a | |
OM2 | 12.59±2.10 a | 3.08±0.62 a | 18.34±3.65 a | |
试验点二 | CM | 14.22±1.19 a | 1.91±0.10 a | 18.17±2.44 a |
OM1 | 10.57±0.59 a | 1.40±0.18 b | 13.65±1.36 a | |
OM2 | 12.08±0.88 a | 1.59±0.15 ab | 15.81±1.53 a |
表5 不同处理育苗池中氮、磷、钾残留量Tab.5 The amount of N, P and K residues in each treatment |
试验点 | 处理 | 氮/(mg·株-1) | 占肥料投入量比/% | 磷/(mg·株-1) | 占肥料投入量比/% | 钾/(mg·株-1) | 占肥料投入量比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
试验点一 | CM | 6.77±3.39 a | 36.27±0.18 a | 2.97±1.86 a | 19.07±0.12 a | 14.87±6.53 a | 79.43±0.35 a |
OM1 | 4.23±0.55 ab | 34.70±0.05 a | 2.00±0.10 a | 19.70±0.01 a | 10.00±0.78 ab | 84.03±0.05 a | |
OM2 | 2.17±1.31 b | 19.43±0.12 a | 1.13±0.40 a | 12.20±0.04 a | 6.37±2.46 b | 56.77±0.22 a | |
试验点二 | CM | 12.65±0.30 a | 49.03±0.01 a | 4.15±0.17 a | 21.17±0.02 a | 11.99±0.44 a | 46.47±0.03 a |
OM1 | 6.05±0.75 b | 44.80±0.06 a | 2.04±0.08 b | 19.77±0.01 a | 5.81±0.33 b | 42.97±0.04 a | |
OM2 | 4.35±2.11 b | 27.00±0.13 b | 1.27±0.16 c | 10.30±0.02 b | 3.42±0.22 c | 21.27±0.02 b |
表6 不同处理烟苗生长发育参数与生物量Tab.6 The quality status and biomass of tobacco seedlings in each treatment |
试验点 | 处理 | 出苗率/% | 茎高/cm | 茎围/mm | 生物量/(g·株-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茎叶干重 | 根干重 | 全株干重 | |||||
试验点一 | CM | 77.7±4.4 a | 8.54±0.67 a | 6.45±0.48 a | 0.64±0.06 a | 0.098±0.005 a | 0.73±0.06 a |
OM1 | 82.7±1.4 a | 7.31±0.40 a | 5.12±0.20 b | 0.48±0.02 a | 0.072±0.003 b | 0.55±0.03 a | |
OM2 | 81.6±3.5 a | 8.42±0.74 a | 6.50±0.30 a | 0.61±0.11 a | 0.089±0.012 ab | 0.70±0.12 a | |
试验点二 | CM | 90.2±2.1 a | 5.41±0.99 a | 13.58±0.29 a | 0.30±0.03 a | 0.062±0.002 a | 0.36±0.03 a |
OM1 | 93.4±2.1 a | 4.50±0.85 a | 13.51±0.05 a | 0.27±0.04 a | 0.053±0.002 ab | 0.32±0.05 a | |
OM2 | 93.7±1.5 a | 4.57±1.18 a | 13.75±0.79 a | 0.30±0.03 a | 0.051±0.007 b | 0.35±0.03 a |
1 |
胡立勇,丁艳锋. 作物栽培学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2008:74-75.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
钟华,邵孝侯,阿吉艾克·拜尔,等. 我国烟草节水优化灌溉和水肥耦合技术综述[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2005,25(3): 68-70.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
王学坚,喻路,刘剑金,等.烤烟生产两种育苗移栽方式水肥消耗及产量产值差异研究[J]. 中国科技成果, 2018(5): 54-56.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
余志雄,金秋,侯毛毛.水氮协作对烤烟生长发育和干物质累积的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2018(1):58-62.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
司海丽,纪立东,李磊.水肥协同对水果玉米生长发育及土壤养分的影响[J].节水灌溉,2020(5):68-72.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
张兴国,胡笑涛,冉辉,等.水肥耦合对温室葡萄产量和水肥利用的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2019(1):1-5.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
危阜斌,徐茜,陈志厚,等.不同育苗方式对烟苗素质及烟叶品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(10):56-60.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
杨隆飞,王鹏,李文卿,等.不同育苗方式对烟株生长发育和烤后烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(34):25-29.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
宋然,吴会才,张建波.烤烟不同育苗方式对比研究[J].现代农业科技,2016(5):13,15.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
喻路,刘剑金,王娜,等.不同规格育苗盘对膜下小苗烟苗素质及烟叶产量产值的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(1):57-61.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
易蔓,向金友,杨懿德,等.育苗盘规格对烤烟井窖式移栽烟株生长发育及产质量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(4):74-78.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
靳冬梅,叶协锋,刘国顺,等.不同浓度营养液对烤烟漂浮育苗烟苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2005(6):15-19.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
董俊,戴林建,陈健.不同营养液浓度及施肥方法对烤烟漂浮苗生长的影响[J].现代农业科技,2014(20):31-32,37.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
万云飞. 烟草集约化育苗水分调控的研究[D]. 山东泰安:山东农业大学,2011: 19-38.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
缪自丽,王德康,李肇虎.不同施肥措施对烤烟漂浮苗早生快发的影响[J].农业与技术,2017,37(10):26-27.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
刘成林. 烟草漂浮育苗控释肥筛选和施用技术的研究[D]. 山东: 山东农业大学, 2018:12-22.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
李勇军,李宏光,刘春明,等. 烟草漂浮育苗施肥量与电导率关系及对培育健壮苗的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2012,25(6):2 167-2 172.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
18 |
徐新龙.烤烟漂浮育苗不同施肥方法对烟苗素质的影响[J].云南农业,2017(5):57-61.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
19 |
ANONYM. Fertilized to death[J].Nature, 2003,(425):894-895.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
20 |
张利平, 夏军, 胡志.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2009,18(2) :116-120.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
21 |
烤烟生产第 11 部分:漂浮育苗技术: DB53/T 607.11-2014 [S].昆明:云南省质量技术监督局, 2014:4.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
22 |
植物中氮、磷、钾的测定: NYT 2017-2011 [S].北京:中国农业出版社,2011: 2-5.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
23 |
水质-总氮的测定-碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法: HJ 636-2012 [S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012: 6-8.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
24 |
水质-总磷的测定-钼酸铵分光光度法: GB 11893-1989 [S].北京:中国标准化出版社, 2009: 6-8.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
25 |
水质-钾和钠的测定-火焰原子吸收分光光度法:GB 11904-1989 [S].北京:国家环境保护局,1989:2-3.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
26 |
李倩,董春娟,田雅楠,等.潮汐灌溉供液高度对黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育与水肥利用的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2020(1):56-62.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
27 |
刘斌. 南京地区稻田水热通量监测与模拟[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2015: 53-56.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
28 |
周木子.增温和施肥方法对烟苗生长及生理生化指标的影响[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2013:8-12.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
29 |
李润儒,朱月林,高垣美智子,等 .根区温度对水培生菜生长和矿质元素含量的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2015,31(3): 48-52.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
30 |
闫秋艳,董飞,杨峰,等.土壤温度和有机肥对黄瓜生长及养分吸收利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(6):222-228.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
31 |
桑益恒.农业面源污染因素分析及治理措施探讨[J].农民致富之友,2019(9):217.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
32 |
步玉良.化肥施用影响农业生态环境的相关机制及策略分析[J].江西农业,2017(11):17.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
33 |
徐明岗,张一平.土壤养分扩散的影响因素及其相互关系[J].土壤学进展,1995,23(3):13-20.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
34 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
35 |
李翠敏.宁晋县小麦节水试验报告(2018-2019)[J].农业开发与装备,2019(8):120-122.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
36 |
乔晓英,马少阳,候会芳.毛乌素湖盆滩地土壤温度对寸草苔生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(8):2 389-2 396.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
37 |
郑华斌,陈其敏,陈元伟,等.节水减氮对再生稻和双季稻周年产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(7):2 023-2 029.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |