
渠道衬砌状况对渠系水利用系数的影响分析
周玉琴, 石佳, 万昕
渠道衬砌状况对渠系水利用系数的影响分析
Analysis of the Influence of Canal Lining Condition on Water Utilization Coefficient of Canal System
灌区渠道通常进行衬砌以提高渠系输水效率,为了提高灌区渠系水利用状况,研究不同衬砌状况下对渠床防渗效果的影响,确定灌区范围内多种情景下的渠系最佳衬砌方式。以湖北省钟祥市石门水库灌区为研究区,通过现场勘测渠系分布状况,采用以“考斯加科夫渠道渗漏经验公式法”为基础的渠系水利用系数测算软件对研究区的渠系水利用系数进行推算。根据可能存在的衬砌状况,设置了不同的衬砌情景,计算各情景的渠系水利用系数。结果表明:该区现状渠系水利用系数为0.713;若渠道不采取衬砌措施,渠系水利用系数仅为0.604;若全部渠道均设有混凝土衬砌,渠系水利用系数可高达0.969。灌区每立方米混凝土衬砌的年节水量的变化范围是70.47~157.40 m³,平均值为114.10 m³。分析表明,随着渠道衬砌率的提高,各级渠道的渠道水利用系数及渠系水利用系数均近似呈线性增长。在工程量或投资一定的条件下,如果对渠道进行部分衬砌,应优先选择渠道上游位置衬砌;如果对斗渠或农渠只选择某一级衬砌时,应优先衬砌农渠。
Canals in irrigation areas are usually lined to improve the canal system water transport efficiency. In order to improve the water utilization efficiency of canal system in irrigation areas,this paper studied the influence of different lining conditions on the anti-seepage effect of canal bed and determined the optimal canal system lining mode in various scenarios within the scope of irrigation areas. Taking Shimen Reservoir irrigation area in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, as the research area, through the field survey of canal system distribution, the utilization coefficient of canal water in the study area was calculated by using the calculation software of the utilization coefficient of canal water based on the Kosgakov empirical formula method of channel leakage. According to the possible lining conditions, different lining scenarios were set up and the canal water utilization coefficient of each scenario was calculated. The results show that the water utilization coefficient of the current canal system is 0.713.If no lining measures are taken, the canal system water utilization coefficient will be only 0.604.If all channels are lined with concrete, the canal system water utilization coefficient can be as high as 0.969.The variation range of annual water saving amount per cubic meter of concrete lining in the irrigated area is 70.47~157.40 m³, with an average value of 114.10 m³.The analysis shows that: with the increase of the lining rate, the canal water utilization coefficient and the canal system water utilization coefficient of all levels of canals increase linearly. Under the condition of a certain amount of project or investment, if the partial lining of the canal is carried out, the upstream of the canal should be preferred. If only a certain level of canal lining is selected for the lateral or field canal, the lining of the field canal should be given priority.
渠系水利用系数 / 渠道渗漏 / 渠道衬砌 / 渠道防渗 {{custom_keyword}} /
water utilization coefficient of canal system / canal leakage / canal lining / canal seepage control {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 四级渠道是否衬砌的衬砌组合Tab.1 Whether the four-level channel lining lining combination |
序号 | 干渠 | 支渠 | 斗渠 | 农渠 | 衬砌组合 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 干支斗农均不衬砌 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 只衬砌农渠 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 只衬砌斗渠 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 斗农渠都衬砌 |
5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 只衬砌支渠 |
6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 衬砌支渠和农渠 |
7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 衬砌支斗渠 |
8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 衬砌支斗农渠 |
9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 只衬砌干渠 |
10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 衬砌干渠和农渠 |
11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 衬砌干渠和斗渠 |
12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 衬砌干渠和斗农渠 |
13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 衬砌干支渠 |
14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 衬砌干支渠和农渠 |
15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 衬砌干支斗渠 |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 衬砌干支斗农渠 |
表3 各衬砌组合的总引水量及节水量汇总表Tab.3 Summary of total water diversion and water saving of each lining combination |
序号 | 组合方式 | 年总引水量/万m³ | 年节水量/万m³ | 渠系水利用系数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 干支斗农均不衬砌 | 11 076 | 0.604 4 | |
2 | 只衬砌农渠 | 9 655 | 1 421 | 0.693 4 |
3 | 只衬砌斗渠 | 9 899 | 1 177 | 0.676 3 |
4 | 斗农渠都衬砌 | 8 569 | 2 507 | 0.781 3 |
5 | 只衬砌支渠 | 10 392 | 685 | 0.644 2 |
6 | 衬砌支渠和农渠 | 9 010 | 2 066 | 0.743 0 |
7 | 衬砌支斗渠 | 9 243 | 1 834 | 0.724 3 |
8 | 衬砌支斗农渠 | 7 952 | 3 125 | 0.841 9 |
9 | 只衬砌干渠 | 9 883 | 1 194 | 0.677 4 |
10 | 衬砌干渠和农渠 | 9 655 | 1 421 | 0.693 4 |
11 | 衬砌干渠和斗渠 | 8 767 | 2 310 | 0.763 6 |
12 | 衬砌干渠和斗农渠 | 7 506 | 3 570 | 0.891 9 |
13 | 衬砌干支渠 | 9 215 | 1 862 | 0.726 5 |
14 | 衬砌干支渠和农渠 | 7 901 | 3 175 | 0.847 3 |
15 | 衬砌干支斗渠 | 8 127 | 2 949 | 0.823 8 |
16 | 衬砌干支斗农渠 | 6 906 | 4 170 | 0.969 4 |
表4 各衬砌组合的混凝土使用量表Tab.4 Concrete usage scale for each lining combination |
序号 | 组合方式 | 混凝土使用量/万m³ | 单方混凝土的年节水量/m³ |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 干支斗农均不衬砌 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 只衬砌农渠 | 9.03 | 157.40 |
3 | 只衬砌斗渠 | 8.49 | 138.63 |
4 | 衬砌斗农渠 | 17.52 | 143.12 |
5 | 只衬砌支渠 | 8.42 | 81.32 |
6 | 衬砌支农渠 | 17.45 | 118.40 |
7 | 衬砌支斗渠 | 16.91 | 108.41 |
8 | 衬砌支斗农渠 | 25.94 | 120.46 |
9 | 只衬砌干渠 | 11.14 | 107.18 |
10 | 衬砌干农渠 | 20.17 | 70.47 |
11 | 衬砌干斗渠 | 19.63 | 117.66 |
12 | 衬砌干斗农渠 | 28.66 | 124.58 |
13 | 衬砌干支渠 | 19.56 | 95.19 |
14 | 衬砌干支农渠 | 28.59 | 111.07 |
15 | 衬砌干支斗渠 | 28.05 | 105.15 |
16 | 衬砌干支斗农渠 | 37.08 | 112.48 |
表5 不同衬砌位置各级渠道水利用系数和渠系水利用系数Tab.5 The water utilization coefficient of channel and canal system at different lining positions |
x/L/% | 干渠 | 支渠 | 斗渠 | 农渠 | 渠系 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.947 5 | 0.972 0 | 0.955 0 | 0.928 3 | 0.816 5 |
10 | 0.942 0 | 0.973 0 | 0.959 6 | 0.927 2 | 0.815 5 |
20 | 0.936 7 | 0.972 6 | 0.957 6 | 0.927 0 | 0.808 7 |
30 | 0.930 4 | 0.963 4 | 0.948 0 | 0.927 2 | 0.787 8 |
40 | 0.922 6 | 0.958 8 | 0.939 6 | 0.927 7 | 0.771 0 |
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