遭受暴雨与内涝的侵袭和困扰，是我国城市在经济发展过程中遇到的普遍问题，在广州地区表现尤为突出。住宅小区是城市的最基本组成单元，小区雨洪管控是杜绝城市内涝的重要措施。采用SWMM模型，选取广州市一规划设计阶段的住宅小区作为研究对象，将其排水系统进行概化，模拟小区开发前后雨洪的变化，对比分析加入下凹式绿地、透水地面、屋面雨水收集系统等低影响开发措施（LID）要素对雨洪的管控作用。结果显示，小区开发后区域洪峰流量显著增大、径流系数变大、洪峰时间提前，采用下凹式绿地、透水地面和屋面雨水收集系统均可有效地消减洪峰流量、减小径流系数、缓解雨水管网的排洪能力，三者的组合实施可在低造价的基础上更好地发挥雨洪管控的作用，并可实现雨水的回用。
Abstract
Being suffered rainstorm and waterlogging is a common problem for China’s cities in the process of economic development, especially in Guangzhou. Prevention and control of flooding is an important measure in residential area, which is the most basic function unit of city. A typical residential area in Guangzhou was selected as the study object to generalize the drainage system by using SWMM. The flow and the drainage system was simulated in the design storms of different return periods. The rain flood between the area pre- and post-development was compared, and the preventive effect of on modeled three LID technologies was discussed. Results showed that, watershed peak and runoff coefficient increased significantly, and the time of max occurrence became earlier after post-development, sunken lawn, permeable pavement and roof rainwater collection system could effectively reduce peak flows and runoff efficient, and could be effective in relieving the pressure of could increase the amount of rainwater resource utilization.
基金
“十二五”科技支撑计划项目( 2015BAK11B03) ; 广州市珠江科技新星专项( 201506010022)
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