黑龙江省的水敏性特殊土主要有分散性土和膨胀土，分散性土具有遇水分散流失的特性，膨胀土具有遇水膨胀、失水收缩的特性，容易引起渠道发生冲蚀、孔洞、管涌以及滑坡等工程病害。采用碎块试验、针孔试验、双比重计试验、孔隙水可溶性阳离子试验、交换性钠离子百分比试验以及自由膨胀率试验对黑龙江省蛤蟆通灌区、万北总干渠和引汤灌区渠基土的分散性和膨胀性进行了研究，并选取石灰对土样进行了改性试验。试验结果表明，这三组渠基土都具有膨胀性，其中蛤蟆通灌区的土样同时具有分散性；石灰对分散性土和膨胀土具有良好的改性作用，可以同时降低土样的分散性和膨胀性。
Abstract
The problematic soils mainly include the dispersive clay and the expansive clay in Heilongjiang Province. The dispersive clay is easy to be dispered and wrecked by water flows, and the expansive clay has the properties of water swelling and dehydration shrinkage. These properties are easy to cause canal engineering diseases, such as erosion, holes, piping and landslides. The dispersity and expansibility of the foundation soils in Hamatong irrigation canal, general main canal of Wanbei, Yintang irrigation canal in Heilongjiang province were studied with the crumb tests, the pinhole tests, the double-hydrometer tests, the pore water soluble cations tests, the exchangeable sodium percentage tests and the free swelling ratio tests, and the lime was used to modify the soils. The experimental results indicated that, the three foundation soils all had expansibility, and the soil of Hamatong irrigation also had dispersity. The lime had an obvious modification effect on dispersive clay and expansive clay, which could reduce the dispersity and expansibility of the soils.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目( 51379177; 51579215)
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