本研究以山西省人工湿地系统中常用挺水植物美人蕉、香蒲和茭白为研究对象,研究单一植物对农村生活污水、农田回水、村田混合水的生长适应性及其污水净化效果。30 d静态试验结果表明,在农田回水和村田混合水条件下,3种供试植物的生长特征和氮净化能力均无明显不同,茭白的磷净化能力最强。在农村生活污水条件下,美人蕉、香蒲长势良好,茭白死亡；美人蕉生物量显著大于香蒲,分别为112.5 g/株、80.04 g/株；挺水植物对农村生活污水的氮净化效果为：美人蕉>香蒲>茭白,分别为57.09%、46.38%、19.11%。综合考虑植物的氮磷净化能力、生长特征和实际应用效果,适宜污染物浓度范围内,美人蕉和茭白具有良好氮磷净化效果,可以作为汾河流域利用人工湿地系统处理农村非点源污染的优选植物。

Canna indica, Typha orientalis and Zizania aquatica were experimentally cultivated in semi-simulated sewage through artificial water distribution according to the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in these three kinds of wastewater. The adaptability of tested plants to these three types of wastewater, as well as the purification efficiencies of tested plants against nitrogen and phosphorus, were studied. Results showed that survive and growth characteristics of tested plants, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were not significantly (P＞0.05) different among three types of wastewater in either farmland return water or village farmland mixed water. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies of Z. aquatica was highest among three plants. However, C. indica and T. orientalis could survive but Z. aquatica dead in village ditch water. Moreover, biomass of C. indica was significantly higher than that of T. orientalis in this wastewater (112.5 g/plant and 80.04 g/plant, repectively). In addition, the change curves of total nitrogen removal efficiencies over time among three tested plants were significantly different in village ditch water. The average total nitrogen removal rate in C. indica group was the highest at 57.09%, and then T. orientalis at 46.38% at the end of experiments. The lowest removal rate was found in the treatment of Z. aquatica and was at 19.11%. Considering total removed volume, and plant growth, the efficiency of applying plants in agricultural non-point source pollution of Fen river watershed, C. indica and Z. aquatica could be used for wetland plant configuration as the optimal plants within the limits of concentration range of nitrogen and phosphorus.