水资源具有量与质的双重属性，这也就要求从水量与水质二维角度出发开展初始水权分配方面的研究。为此，本文以合肥市为例，构建了城市二维初始水权分配评价指标体系；建立了城市二维初始水权优化模型，对比分析结果表明：考虑了水量与排污量相互影响、相互制约的二维关系时，优化得到市区分配的水量较不考虑排污时减少了1.223亿m3，减少了18%的水量；而优化分配后巢湖市分配的排污量较优化前下降了约20%，其它区县分配的水量和排污量均略有不同幅度的增加或减少，优化后分配的水量和排污量能更好地反映该地区的经济和水资源开发利用条件。也进一步表明基于水量和排污量对城市二维初始水权进行优化是可行，其结果可为提高水资源的利用效率和制定科学排污水量提供科学依据。

Water resources have the dual attributes of quantity and quality，which requires the study of initial water rights allocation from the two－dimensional perspective of water quantity and water quality． This paper takes Hefei City as an example，establishes an evaluation index system，and builds an urban two－dimensional initial water rights optimal allocation model． The analysis results show that while we consider the influence between water volume and pollutant discharge and optimizing the configuration，the amount of water allocated in the urban area has been reduced by 122．3 million m3 ． After optimizing distribution，the amount of pollutant discharged of Chaohu City has been reduced by about 20% compared with that before optimization． Other districts and counties have slightly different amounts of increase or decrease in the amount of water or discharged sewage． The amount of water and pollutants allocated after optimal allocation can better reflect the economic and water resources development conditions in the study area． Based on water rights and emission rights，it is feasible to optimize the two－dimensional initial water rights of the city and the result can provide a scientific basis for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and formulating the scientific discharge of sewage．