为建立生育期内青贮玉米鲜重与主要外观可测农艺性状的关系模型，以利于模拟作物生长以及在不破坏植株的情况下估算作物鲜重，亦可在盆栽类试验中基于称重法和水量平衡计算作物的腾发量等，选定3个青贮玉米品种进行了盆栽和大田种植，分别测量其不同生长阶段的主要外观农艺性状和地上鲜重，运用回归分析的方法，建立了不同品种和不同生长阶段的鲜重估算模型。结果表明：正常管理条件下，青贮玉米的品种、株高、总叶面积、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、穗重均对植株鲜重存在一定的影响。苗期株高和总叶面积，拔节期茎粗、抽穗期总叶面积、成熟期第六叶叶面积和穗重对各时期鲜重有较大的效应，达到极显著或显著水平。苗期采用绿叶片数和第一二三叶叶面积、拔节期采用茎粗和第三叶叶面积、抽穗期采用叶面积、成熟期采用第四叶叶面积、穗粗及绿叶片数估测各生育期青贮玉米的鲜重精度较高，估测平均相对误差为4.0%。

In order to simulate crop growth and estimate crop raw weight without destroying the plant, and calculate the crop evapotranspiration based on weighing method and water balance principle in potted experiments, we established the relationship model of silage maize raw weight and main appearance measurable agronomic traits. In the potted experiments and field experiments, we selected three silage maize varieties to plant and measured the main agronomic characters and raw weight on the ground in each growth stage, then established the raw weight estimation model of different varieties and different growth stages with regression analysis method. Analysis results showed that under the normal management conditions, varieties of silage maize, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle weight had effects on estimating maize plant raw weight. The plant height and total leaf area at seedling stage, stem diameter at jointing stage, total leaf area heading stage, the sixth foliage area and panicle weight at maturing stage had a large effect on the total raw weight of each period, which reached extremely significant or significant level. So we could use piece number of green leaves and the first three foliage areas at seedling stage, stem diameter and the third foliage area at jointing stage, leaf area at heading stage, the forth foliage area, panicle diameter and piece number of green leaves at maturation stage to quickly estimate the potted silage maize plant raw weight of each growth stage. The estimating results were effective which the average estimating relative error is 4.0%.