不同城市化程度背景下，城市区域下垫面差异所引发的产汇流机理改变，进一步加剧了城市区域洪涝灾害。本文针对城市化进程较快的北京市通州区，选取区域内杨洼闸排水区为研究对象，根据Landsat卫星影像数据，采用多主题指数组合技术分别提取研究区2010年和2015年城镇用地数据，基于两种不同的城市化程度设置模型不透水率，构建SWMM模型。通过设置不同重现期暴雨情景，定量分析不同城市化程度洪水特征的变化。研究结果表明：研究区在两种城市化程度背景下一年一遇设计暴雨时的径流系数差值为0.13，从五十年一遇设计暴雨开始2010年和2015年径流系数较接近，由城市化引起的不透水率改变对研究区径流系数的影响逐步减弱。洪峰流量与城市化程度则始终表现出较强的正相关性。一年一遇设计暴雨时2015年峰现时间比2010年提前了3小时，从五十年一遇设计暴雨开始峰现时间不变，原因是强降雨条件下流域内流速较快，减小了城市区域因汇流路径复杂导致汇流时间延长的影响。
Abstract
Under the background with different degrees of urbanization, changes in the mechanism of urban rainfall-runoff processes resulted by the differences in underlying surface of urban areas have further increased the flood risk in urban regions. Considering the rapid development of urbanization in Tongzhou District of Beijing, the Yangwazha drainage area is selected as the case study in this paper. According to Landsat satellite image data, a multi-thematic index combination technique is used to extract the urban landuse data in 2010 and 2015, respectively. Based on two different degrees of urbanization, percentage of the impervious area is identified, and then the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is developed. Precipitation with different return periods was taken as model input to analyze the changes in flood characteristics due to urbanization. The study results show that the difference in runoff coefficient between the two urbanization scenarios in the study area is 0.13 in one-year return period. From the 50-year return-period on, the runoff coefficients began to gradually approach each other in 2010 and 2015, indicating that when the return period continues to increase, the impact of changes in percentage of impervious area due to urbanization on the runoff coefficient of the study area gradually weakens. Peak flow and degrees of urbanization always show a strong positive correlation. In one-year return period, the 2015 peak time is 3 hours ahead of that in 2010. The flood peak time is the same in 50-year and 100-year return period. The reason is that under heavy precipitation conditions, the flow velocity in the river basin is faster and hence the influence resulted by the delayed time for overland flow concentration become smaller due to the complicated path for overland flow concentration.
关键词
关键词：SWMM模型 /
城市化 /
降雨径流 /
杨洼闸排水区
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Key words
Key words: Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) /
urbanization /
rainfall and runoff /
Yangwazha
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基金
北京市科学技术委员会 2017 年度创新基地培育与发展专项课题( Z171100002217080) ; 变化环境下城市暴雨洪涝灾害成因( 2017YFC1502701)
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