为了获得内蒙古牧区浅层供水水源井在野外条件和极端条件下（-40℃）的温度场分布，本文通过水源井野外试验，同时通过相似原则制造水源井模型，开展室内模拟，实测和模拟了水源井在野外和极端条件下的温度场分布，得到了两种条件下水源井的温度分布规律，水源井温度场都呈“陡-缓-缓”三段式分布，其中野外条件下，水源井陡升区位于距离井口0～1.3m，极端条件下，陡升区位于0～0.8m，对比分析两种条件下的水源井温度，发现极端条件下水源井陡升区位置较野外条件下上升了0.5m，继而造成了水源井的完全冻结。分析发现提高水源井陡升区的温度对于提高水源井温度、防止水源冻结有着重要的意义，为牧区供水水源井防冻研究打下基础。

In this paper，the temperature distribution law of the water source well under two conditions is obtained through measuring the field test of water source wells and carrying out the indoor simulation which the water source well model is made by similar principle，The temperature field of the water source well is in a three－stage distribution of“steep－slow－slow”． Under the field conditions，the steep rise zone of the water source well is located at 0～ 1．3 m from the wellhead． Under extreme conditions，the steep rise zone is located at 0～ 0．8 m．The position of the steep rise zone of the water source well increases by 0．5 m under the extreme conditions，which causes the complete freezing of the water source well through analyzing the temperature of the water source well under two conditions． The analysis shows that increasing the temperature of the steep rise zone of the water source well is of great significance to improving the temperature of the water source well and preventing the freezing of the water source，which lays a foundation for the antifreezing research on shallow water source well in the pastoral area