针对农田残膜对土壤污染日趋加重的现象，在河西绿洲灌区张掖节水农业试验站进行了可降解地膜、普通地膜及露地栽培玉米对比试验，探讨可降解地膜对玉米生长发育、产量、相关农艺性状及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与露地栽培相比，降1、降2、降3三种降解地膜覆盖均能明显提高玉米苗期和拔节期节根层数、节根条数及根干重，玉米不同生育时期株高、叶面积及地上部干物质积累量显著增加，穗粒数增加20.25%～20.79%、千粒重提高14.44%～21.69%，产量增加37.88%～47.01%。可降解地膜和普通地膜间差异不显著。与普通膜相比，降1膜经济产量、地上部干物质水分利用效率提高3.66%、1.68%， 降2、降3膜仅降低6.50%～7.08%、6.38%～7.17%。但在玉米灌浆中期至成熟期，降2、降3膜阶段耗水量增幅高达7.21%、12.86%，而阶段干物质水分利用效率则下降了15.31%、12.61%。说明覆膜后期，降解膜2、3保墒效果急剧下降。研究认为，可降解地膜替代普通地膜应用于农业生产是可行的，建议生产企业延长降2、降3膜的稳定期，提高其在玉米生育后期的保墒效果。
Abstract
With the aim of reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic films，the degradation properties of degradable films and their
effects on growth and water use efficiency of maize are studied with results compared with the effects of plastic film in an open － field
experiment in Hexi Irrigation area． The results show that: compared with the results of open－field experiment，the coverage of degradable
membranes A，B，and C can significantly increase the number of root layers，root number and root dry weight in seedling and jointing stages．
The plant height，leaf area and dry matter accumulation increased significantly during different growth stages． The number of grains per ear
increases by 20．25% ～ 20． 79%，the 1000 －grain weight increases by 14． 44% ～ 21． 69%，and the yield increases by 37． 88% ～ 47． 01%．
Degradable film does not show significant difference with plastic film． Compared with plastic film，the economic output and the water use
efficiency of dry matter increases by 3．66% and 1．68% for test film A，while those of the test films B and C decreases by only 6．50% ～ 7．08%
and 6．38% ～ 7．17%． However，from grain filling stage to maturity stage，the water consumption of test films B and C increases by 7．21% and
12．86%，while the water use efficiency of dry matter decreases by 15．31% and 12．61%，which indicates that the effect of degradable film on
soil moisture conservation decreases sharply in the later stage of film mulching． The results show that it is feasible to use degradable plastic
film instead of plastic film in agricultural production． It is suggested that the production enterprises should prolong the stable period of test
films B and C to improve the effect of moisture conservation in the later stage of maize growth．
关键词
可降解地膜 /
生长发育 /
土壤耗水量 /
水分利用效率 /
玉米
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Key words
degradable films /
growth /
water consumption /
water use efficiency /
maize
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目( 2018YFD0800806) ; 甘肃省农
业科学院科技创新专项( 2017GAAS25) 。
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