长江和汉江的生态环境问题事关中国经济社会的可持续发展，是社会关注的热点和国家发展战略重点。总磷已成为长江水体首要污染指标，针对长江流域和汉江流域总磷污染现状，对总磷浓度时间和空间分布特征进行了对比分析，从自然地质因素磷化工企业分布情况城镇生活污水排放状况农村面源污染等多方面对造成长江和汉江水体总磷污染的原因进行了分析，可为长江和汉江水环境保护和引江补汉等工程的开展提供科学的参考依据。

The ecological environment of the Yangtze River and the Han River is related to the sustainable development of China's economy and society, which has always been the concern of the whole society. Total phosphorus has become the primary pollution indicator of the Yangtze River. According to the current situation of total phosphorus pollution in the Yangtze River Basin and the Han River Basin, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total phosphorus concentration are compared and analyzed. The causes of total phosphorus pollution in the Yangtze River and the Han River are analyzed from the aspects of the natural geological factors, phosphorous chemical enterprise distribution, municipal domestic sewage and rural non-point source pollution. This paper can provide a scientific reference for the implementation of projects such as Water Supply Project from the Yangtze River to the Han River.