
爱尔兰水资源管理经验及启示
刘文浩, 郑军卫, 王立伟, 刘学
爱尔兰水资源管理经验及启示
Experience and Enlightenment of Water Resources Management in Ireland
水资源治理是我国国家治理的关键议题之一。爱尔兰水资源调查管理工作很有特色,对我国水资源治理具重要借鉴意义。分别从水资源管理模式、相关立法、水资源保护教育、公众参与机制、水资源调查评价内容及机制、水资源重大战略计划等维度,系统调研了爱尔兰在水资源调查和管理方面的体制机制和具体措施。结果发现,爱尔兰水资源调查管理在数据信息化、可视化和数据共享、战略规划设计部署、监测网络构建、法律法规制定、水资源管理监督、公众教育及参与机制建设等方面具有丰富经验。结合我国当前水资源管理存在的问题,提出了包括:继续提升水资源调查和评价工作数据信息管理和共享水平,重视制定、布局、完善适用于不同远景的水资源调查中长期战略规划,加强水资源调查及评价工作执行监督和成果评价机制建设,加强水资源保护教育宣传、鼓励公众参与水资源调查和管理的全过程等具体建议,以期为我国水资源调查管理提供参考。
Water resources management is a key issue in China's national governance. The investigation and management of water resources in Ireland is very distinctive, which has important reference significance for the governance of water resources in China. Therefore, this study selects Ireland water resources survey and management work as a case example, and investigates separately from the dimensions of water resources management mode, relevant legislation, water resources protection education, public participation mechanism, water resources survey and evaluation content and mechanism, and water resources major strategic plans. The results show that Ireland has rich experience in data informatization, visualization and data sharing, strategic planning, design and deployment, monitoring network construction, formulation of laws and regulations, water resources management and supervision, public education and participation mechanism construction. Combined with the existing problems of water resources management in China, the following suggestions are put forward: continue improving data information management and sharing water resources investigation and evaluation; paying attention to the formulation, layout and improvement of medium and long-term strategic planning of water resources investigation suitable for different perspectives, strengthening the implementation supervision and achievement evaluation mechanism construction of water resources investigation and evaluation, strengthening the education and publicity of water resources protection, and encouraging the public to participate in the whole process of water resources survey and management, hoping to provide reference for water resources survey and management in China.
水资源管理 / 水资源调查 / 水资源安全 / 战略规划 / 爱尔兰 {{custom_keyword}} /
water resources management / water resources survey / water resources security / strategic planning / Ireland {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 爱尔兰水资源相关重大战略规划布局Tab.1 Major strategic plan for water in Ireland |
计划名称 | 发布机构 | 主要内容 |
---|---|---|
《爱尔兰水战略融资计划2019-2024》[ | 爱尔兰水务公司 | 列出了其拟作出的安排以及2019-2024年期间为实施《水务战略计划》的目标而提出的具体措施。计划指出,爱尔兰水工业面临的主要挑战是:①加强对监管标准(包括饮用水和废水)的遵守;②解决网损率问题,减少泄漏;③提高网络和处理能力,以支持社会和经济增长;④制定所需的应变能力,以适应更频繁的极端天气事件。 |
《爱尔兰2018-2021年流域管理计划》[ | 住房、地方政府和遗产部 | 计划主要目标:①为了建立长期改善水质的基础和动力,建立了更强大、更有效的供水结构。②建成一个新的治理结构,将政策、技术和实施参与者与公共组织和代表组织结合在一起,确保有效和协调地采取措施。③新成立的地方政府水域和社区办公室,帮助公众参与改善当地的水质。④对4 829个水体进行技术评估,检查了它们的状态(质量)以及它们是否有风险。 |
《水框架指令监测方案》[ | 爱尔兰环境保护署 | 监测方案目标:实现WFD的水质目标,即一般达到“良好状态”,并保持“高”和“良好”的水质水平。此外,指令规定和描述了三种类型的监测:①监督监测;②运行监控;③调查监控。方案介绍了每一种监测的具体目标和要求,并提出了河流、湖泊过渡和沿海水域、地下水和运河的个别监测方案的大纲。 |
《爱尔兰水务业务计划》[ | 爱尔兰水务公司 | 阐述了爱尔兰水资源领域现状,并提出了9个关键的可交付成果。9个关键的可交付成果分别为:①建立最高的健康和安全标准;②实施55亿欧元的资本投资计划;③实现5亿欧元的资本效率节约;④发展爱尔兰水务成为一个高性能的公用事业;⑤转变公司运作模式;⑥节省运营成本11亿欧元;⑦实现最佳的客户服务;⑧使爱尔兰水业务有坚实的商业基础;⑨支持符合经济和空间规划政策的经济增长。 |
《水务政策声明(2018-2025)》[ | 爱尔兰住房、地方政府和遗产部 | 面向未来适用的水服务能力目标包括:①确保公共和私人水服务投资决策符合《爱尔兰2040项目:国家规划框架》[ |
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