
黄河入海口亚三角洲演变与下游河道关系探究
尤延锋, 王奕童, 王远见, 许月萍, 郭玉雪
黄河入海口亚三角洲演变与下游河道关系探究
Relationship Between Delta Evolution at the Mouth of the Yellow River and the Lower Reaches of the River
依据黄河下游沿程河道、入海口的淤积变化情况资料,通过卫星遥感数据进行海岸线提取,并基于统计学原理和遥感影像,分析了近40年黄河下游河道变化与三角洲变化之间的相互关系;利用灰狼算法求解河道的滞后响应模型,探索了黄河水沙变化下黄河下游河道的演变以及黄河入海口的淤积变化,模型表明,随着河道改道发生后,西河口断面比降将逐年下降,最终值为0.145。
In this study, according to the data of sediment change along the channel and estuary of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the coastline is extracted by satellite remote sensing data. The relationship between river channel change and delta change in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the past 40 years is analyzed by using statistical principle and remote sensing image analysis. The hysteresis response model of the river channel is solved by using the Grey Wolf optimization algorithm to explore the evolution of the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the siltation change of the estuary under the change of water and sediment of the Yellow River. The model shows that the ratio drop of the Xihekou section will decrease year by year with the change of river course, and the final value is 0.145.
黄河下游 / 水沙关系 / 黄河三角洲 / 滞后响应模型 / 河道淤积 {{custom_keyword}} /
lower Yellow River / water-sediment relationship / Yellow River delta / lag response / channel silting {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同时间段花园口和利津水文站的径流与输沙量变化Tab.1 Runoff and sediment transport at Huayuankou and Lijin stations in different time periods |
水文站 | 时期 | 径流量/亿m3 | 输沙量/亿t | 径流量变化/% | 输沙量变化/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
花园口 | 1950-1979 | 454.89 | 12.85 | - | - |
1979-1999 | 334.93 | 7.31 | -29.4 | -34.7 | |
2000-2011 | 233.78 | 0.99 | -33.1 | -88.6 | |
利津 | 1950-1979 | 431.17 | 11.01 | - | - |
1979-1999 | 213.34 | 5.14 | -50.0 | -47.7 | |
2000-2015 | 159.62 | 1.31 | -34.11 | -74.5 |
图8 新河口三角洲河长及其淤积面积计算范围Fig.8 Study area of the length of the new estuary delta and its siltation area |
图9 黄河口改道后新生成三角洲面积变化情况Fig.9 Area change of the newly formed delta after the diversion of the Yellow River estuary |
表2 利津站水位灰狼算法拟合参数Tab.2 Fitting parameters of water level grey Wolf algorithm in Lijin Station |
K | a | b | β | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Z I | 0.300 | -0.150 | 0.086 | 0.230 |
Z II | 0.130 | -0.050 | 0.050 | 0.390 |
图15 利津站水位适应度函数的变化曲线Fig.15 The variation curve of water level fitness function at Lijin Station |
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