为探究不同节水灌溉模式对白茶品质及茶园土壤重金属含量的影响，设计不同灌溉方式（喷灌和滴灌）和不同土壤水分控制下限（65%、75%和85%），观测白茶水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素等品质指标及茶园土壤铬、砷、镉、汞、铜和铅含量，同时引入投影寻踪分类模型，基于高优白茶品质和低重金属残留对节水灌溉模式进行综合评价。结果表明：喷灌处理对白茶品质形成的促进效果优于滴灌，以75%控水下限的白茶品质最佳；但在相同控水条件下，滴灌在剖面尺度上对重金属的消减效果强于喷灌；投影寻踪分类模型分析结果表明，滴灌65%控水下限和喷灌75%控水下限的综合评价结果较优，其中喷灌75%控水下限节水灌溉方案的投影值达到1.821，该灌溉模式下白茶水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚和儿茶素含量分别为47.6%、6.66%、14.2%和12.5%，主根区土层（20~40 cm）六种重金属离子总体呈降低趋势。
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation patterns on the quality of white tea and the heavy metal content in the tea garden soil, different irrigation methods (sprinkling and drip irrigation) and different soil moisture control limits (65%, 75%, and 85%) are designed. The quality indexes of white tea including water extract, free amino acids, tea polyphenols, catechins and the content of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper and lead in tea garden soil are observed. At the same time, projection is introduced. The water-saving irrigation model is optimized based on high quality white tea and low heavy metal residue. The results show that the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the quality of white tea is better than that of drip irrigation, and the quality of white tea with 75% water control limit is the best. However, under the same water control condition, the effect of drip irrigation on the reduction of heavy metals on the profile scale is better than that of sprinkler irrigation. The analysis results of the projection pursuit classification model show that the 65% water control limit of drip irrigation and 75% water control limit of sprinkler irrigation is the better water-saving irrigation scheme and 75% water control limit of sprinkler irrigation obtains the projection value by 1.821. Under this irrigation mode, the contents of water extracts, free amino acids, tea polyphenols, and catechins are 47.6%, 6.66%, 14.2%, and 12.5%, and the six heavy metal ions in the soil layer (20~40 cm) in the main root zone show a decreasing trend.
关键词
白茶 /
节水灌溉 /
重金属 /
品质
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Key words
white tea /
water-saving irrigation /
heavy metal content /
quality
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