由于二维水质模拟属于计算密集型运算，如何在保证精度的条件下，提升水质模拟的性能，是流域水质模拟必须解决的关键问题。为此，从性能和精度两方面开展了流域水质模拟研究。在水质模拟性能方面，设计了通用计算框架下的流域模拟网格划分方法。将河道及边缘网格作为模拟网格，降低了网格规模，使流域级别的精细化河道水质模拟成为可能；以此为基础，将水质模拟分解为水速增量计算、水流迁移计算和污染物扩散模拟三步，并分别设计并行化算法；在水质模拟精度方面，引入了稳定流场。将模拟起始时刻的上游流量作为稳定水源，通过模型迭代建立的稳定流场近似模拟流域前期水情。最后，通过牡丹江中游河段2年的观测数据验证，发现通用计算使得水质模拟性能显著提升，传统水质模拟几个小时才能完成的任务几分钟内即可完成；同时，方法达到传统水质模拟相近的精度，这使流域实时水质模拟成为了现实。
Abstract
Two-dimensional water quality simulation is computationally intensive. How to improve the performance of water quality simulation under the condition of ensuring accuracy is a key problem that must be solved in water quality simulation. To this end, the study of water quality simulation is carried out in terms of performance and accuracy. To improve the water quality simulation performance, only the grids which are within or beside the river are selected for water quality simulation in the basin and the water quality simulation is decomposed into three steps, including water velocity increment calculation, water flow migration calculation and pollutant diffusion simulation. The parallelization algorithm for each step is designed separately to implement general purpose computation. To improve the accuracy of water quality simulation, the concept of stable flow field is introduced to simulate the produce prophase water regime in the basin. By importing a certain amount of upstream flow sequences before the simulation period to the model, the steady flow field is created. Finally, taking the upper reaches of Mudanjiang River as the experimental basin, the pollutant diffusion process is simulated by the two-year sequence data of water flow and COD concentration. It is found that general purpose computation can complete water quality simulation in a few minutes, while traditional water quality simulation takes several hours or even longer. More importantly, the method in this paper is not only fast in operation, but also has the similar accuracy with the traditional water quality simulation. It is possible to simulate the pollutant diffusion process in the basin accurately in real time.
关键词
水质模拟 /
通用计算 /
稳定流场
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Key words
water quality simulation /
general purpose computation /
stable flow field
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