相比野外测量和大比例地形图为主的流域水系提取方法，运用GIS技术和DEM数据的数字化提取更为便捷、高效。基于ArcGIS中的3D Analysis和Hydrologic Model模型，研究山区地形条件下的DEM数字流域水系提取。结果表明，研究区提取水系总长度为350.05 km，结果较好，尤其大中型河道长度的偏差仅在7.5%以内。同时，对提取结果进行优化处理，分析不同网格数和阈值对水系提取精确度的影响，发现三次幂多项式函数较好地拟合了网格数与距离误差的关系；计算河流长度、汇流面积和支流个数等水文信息，对比实际水系流量，运用数学函数拟合得出阈值设为12 000 时，水系提取与实际水系吻合效果最佳。山区流域水系的数字化提取与优化，可以为水系提取研究提供技术支持和参考，也为数字化提取与实测水系之间的差异分析提供科学指导。
Abstract
Based on the basin river extraction methods of field measurements and large-scale topographic map, using digital GIS and DEM data extraction is more convenient and efficient. Based on 3D Analysis and Hydrologic Model of ArcGIS, the basin river DEM digital extraction is researched under the condition of mountainous terrain. The results show that the extraction of basin river is a total length of 350.05 km in the study area, especially large and medium-sized river length that deviation is only within 7.5%. Moreover, the extraction results are optimized, the accuracy influence of different grid number andthreshold value to the extraction are analyzed, and it isfound that the triple polynomial function is moresuitable for the relationship between the grid number and distance error.Hydrological information such as the river length, junction area and branch number is calculated, and mathematical function fitting is used. It is concluded that the threshold value is set to 12 000, the water extraction is most consistent with the actual effect of basin river. The digital extraction method and optimization of mountain basin river can not only provide technical support and reference for the extraction, but also offer scientific guidance for the difference analysis between the digital extraction and measured one.
关键词
DEM数据 /
流域水系 /
网格数 /
阈值
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Key words
DEM data /
basin river /
grid number /
threshold value
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基金
宁夏自然科学基金;宁夏财政厅项目“沿黄生态经济带地下水资源开发利用与生态环境保护效应调查评价”
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