
河南农村黑臭水体及影响因素调查与分析
王莉, 姜惠源, 李亭亭, 李洁, 刘驰
河南农村黑臭水体及影响因素调查与分析
Investigation and Analysis of the Present Situation of Water Body in Rural Areas of Henan Province
农村黑臭水体的存在一直阻碍着农村经济发展以及农村居民生活质量的提升。通过实地调研与问卷调查相结合的方式,对河南省农村84个水体进行信息采集,参考了黑臭程度,水体面积,水体污染类型等指标。结果显示所调研水体内轻度黑臭53.57%、中度黑臭27.38%,重度黑臭19.05%,整体呈现轻至中度黑臭;分析5种污染类型地区占比和特点,发现了工业废水污染相较于其他4种污染类型与人口密度呈更高的正相关关系;水体面积与污染程度呈一定负相关关系。通过了解河南农村污染水体基础信息,推动河南省农村黑臭水体治理修复工作。
The existence of black and odorous water body in rural areas has been hindering the development of rural economy and the improvement of rural residents' living quality. In this paper, information is collected from 84 water bodies in rural areas of Henan Province by means of field investigations and questionnaires. It refers to the black smelly degree, water area and pollution type. The black and odorous water in Henan Province in mild black smelly accounts for 27.38%, 53.57% is moderate black smelly, heavy black smelly water accounts for 19.05%,the overall water presents light to moderate black odor characteristics. After analyzing five types of pollution area and the characteristic, it is found that industrial wastewater pollution has a higher positive correlation with population density than other four pollution types. There is a negative correlation between water area and pollution degree. Through understanding the basic information of rural polluted water in Henan Province, it will promote the treatment and restoration of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas in Henan Province.
农村黑臭水体 / 污染类型 / 现状调研 / 关系分析 {{custom_keyword}} /
black and odorous water in rural areas / pollution types / current situation investigation / relational analysis {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 黑臭水体感官判别标准Tab.1 Sensory discrimination criteria of black and smelly water body |
黑臭程度 | 判别标准 |
---|---|
轻度黑臭 | 蹲身靠近水面,鼻尖与水体距离0.5 m内,有臭味、水体颜色为黄(灰)绿色 |
中度黑臭 | 站立距离水体1 m内,有臭味、水体颜色为灰褐色 |
重度黑臭 | 站立距离水体1 m外,有臭味、水体颜色为黑色 |
图6 各地区黑臭水体污染类型占比图Fig.6 The proportion of pollution types in black and smelly water in various regions |
表2 各地区主要污染类型和次要污染类型信息表Tab.2 The major pollution types and minor pollution types in each region |
地区 | 驻马店正阳县 | 商丘虞城县 | 南阳市淅川县 | 周口市扶沟县 | 焦作市博爱县 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
主要污染类型 | 均为农村生活污染 | ||||
次要污染类型 | 农业种植污染 | 畜禽养殖污染 | 农业种植污染 | 工业废水污染 | 工业废水污染 |
表3 各地区污染类型占比排名与人口密度排名表Tab.3 A ranking table of pollution types and population density of each region |
地区 代号i | 污染类型占比排名 | 农村生 活污染 | 农业种 植污染 | 工业废 水污染 | 畜禽养 殖污染 | 人口密 度排名 | 人口密度/ (人·km-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 焦作博爱县 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 885 |
2 | 周口扶沟县 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 639 |
3 | 商丘虞城县 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 567 |
4 | 驻马店正阳县 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 436 |
5 | 南阳淅川县 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 238 |
相关指数 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
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