
工业番茄适宜土壤含水率下限研究
张娜
工业番茄适宜土壤含水率下限研究
Research on Lower Limit of Soil Moisture Content Suitable for Industrial Tomato
为研究新疆不同土壤含水率下限对工业番茄生长、耗水量产量及水分生产率的影响,以工业番茄为研究对象,进行测坑试验,开展了膜下滴灌模式下的工业番茄试验。试验表明:工业番茄的灌水次数和总灌水量随着土壤含水率下限的增大而变大。在计划湿润层设置为固定的40 cm深时,灌水定额随土壤含水率下限的降低而增加。工业番茄的株高、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量在生育期内呈先增后减的变化趋势,工业番茄生理指标适宜的土壤含水率下限为65%,对应的耗水量为405.0 mm,灌水次数为7次,灌水定额为57.8 mm。
In order to study the effects of different lower limits of soil water content on the growth, water consumption, yield and water productivity of industrial tomatoes in Xinjiang province,a pit test is carried out with industrial tomatoes as the research object. The results show that the irrigation times and total irrigation number of industrial tomatoes increase with the increase in the lower limit of soil water content. When the planned wet layer is set to a fixed depth of 40 cm, the irrigation quota increases with the decrease in the lower limit of soil moisture content. Plant height, leaf area index and chlorophyll content of industrial tomatoes increase first and then decrease during the growth period. The lower limit of soil moisture content suitable for industrial tomatoes physiological indexes is 65%, corresponding water consumption was 405.0 mm, irrigation times are 7, and irrigation quota is 57.8 mm.
膜下滴灌 / 工业番茄 / 土壤含水率下限 / 灌水定额 / 生理指标 {{custom_keyword}} /
submembrane drip irrigation / industrial tomatoes / lower limit of soil water content / irrigation quota / physiological indexes {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 测坑田间持水率测定值和含水率下限 (%)Tab.1 Measured value of water holding rate and lower limit of moisture content in measured pits |
处理 | 重复 | 田间持水率 | 含水率下限 |
---|---|---|---|
I45 | A | 39.62 | 17.83 |
B | 39.32 | 17.69 | |
C | 39.94 | 17.98 | |
I55 | A | 40.37 | 22.20 |
B | 37.28 | 20.51 | |
C | 41.09 | 22.60 | |
I65 | A | 38.07 | 24.75 |
B | 41.42 | 26.92 | |
C | 41.53 | 27.00 | |
I75 | A | 39.29 | 29.47 |
B | 39.40 | 29.55 | |
C | 41.54 | 31.16 |
表2 不同土壤含水率下限处理的工业番茄实际灌水量 (mm)Tab.2 Irrigation systems for industrial tomatoes treated with different lower limits of soil moisture content |
处理 | 灌水时间 | 耗水量 | 实际灌水量 |
---|---|---|---|
I45 | 播种-出苗1次,幼苗-始花座果1次,始花座果-结果1次 | 88.0 | 264.0 |
I55 | 播种-出苗1次,出苗-幼苗1次,幼苗-始花座果1次,始花座果-结果2次 | 75.0 | 375.0 |
I65 | 播种-出苗1次,出苗-幼苗1次,幼苗-始花座果1次,始花座果-结果4次 | 57.8 | 405.0 |
I75 | 播种-出苗1次,出苗-幼苗2次,幼苗-始花座果2次,始花座果-结果7次 | 54.4 | 641.0 |
表3 工业番茄生育期动态指标统计表Tab.3 Statistical table of dynamic indicators of growth period of industrial tomatoes |
下限 | 不同阶段作物生育动态指标 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 | 开花期 | 结果期 | 成熟期 | |||||||||
株高 | 叶面积 指数 | 叶绿素 | 株高 | 叶面积 指数 | 叶绿素 | 株高 | 叶面积 指数 | 叶绿素 | 株高 | 叶面积指数 | 叶绿素 | |
I45 | 10 | 0.02 | 25 | 42 | 0.39 | 33 | 46 | 0.42 | 35 | 43 | 0.35 | 30 |
I55 | 10 | 0.03 | 26 | 53 | 0.48 | 36 | 55 | 0.53 | 38 | 52 | 0.46 | 33 |
I65 | 11 | 0.03 | 27 | 65 | 0.53 | 40 | 68 | 0.57 | 41 | 66 | 0.52 | 37 |
I75 | 11 | 0.03 | 26 | 65 | 0.52 | 39 | 67 | 0.56 | 40 | 65 | 0.50 | 35 |
平均 | 10.5 | 0.03 | 26 | 56 | 0.48 | 37 | 59 | 0.52 | 38.5 | 57 | 0.45 | 34 |
表4 不同处理下的灌水情况及产量和水分利用效率Tab.4 Irrigation situation, yield and water use efficiency under different treatments |
序号 | 灌水量W/ mm | 灌水次数/ 次 | 产量Y/ (kg·hm-2) | 水分利用效率 WUE/(kg·m-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 264.0(I45) | 3 | 93 900.0 | 35.55 |
S2 | 375.0(I55) | 5 | 147 105.0 | 39.41 |
S3 | 405.0(I65) | 7 | 165 240.0 | 40.77 |
S4 | 641.0(I75) | 12 | 144 480.0 | 22.52 |
1 |
李百凤,冯浩,吴普特.作物非充分灌溉适宜土壤水分下限指标研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007(3):227-231.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
余先驹,王秀全,何丹,等.玉米自交系根系性状遗传初步分析[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(4):426-429.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
杨昊晟,艾一丹,格宇轩,等.基于HYDRUS模型筛选滴灌模式下适宜灌水上下限的研究[J].节水灌溉,2019(1):1-5.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
罗双龙,马忠明,李玉斌,等.土壤水分下限对固定道垄作小麦生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(10):1 364-1 370.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
侯琼,李建军,王海梅.春玉米适宜土壤水分下限动态指标的确定[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):1-5,34.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
胡燕哲,吴明泽,李涛龙.玉米生长指标的土壤水分上下限调控机理[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):165-170.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
田志莲,田军仓.不同土壤水分下限对膜下滴灌水稻光合作用及生理指标影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(4):107-109.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
张益民,张源沛,郑国保.土壤水分下限对甘草生长、品质和光合生理特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2012(10):38-40.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
马甜,范兴科,吴普特.线辣椒苗期适宜的土壤水分下限与灌水指标研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):74-78.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
李毅杰,原保忠,别之龙,等.不同土壤水分下限对大棚滴灌甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):132-138.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
马福生,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.不同灌水下限对设施滴灌无土栽培红掌水分利用和生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):65-70.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
杨文斌,郝仲勇,王凤新,等.不同灌水下限对温室茼蒿生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):94-98.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
赵青松,李萍萍,王纪章,等.不同灌水下限对黄瓜穴盘苗生长及生理指标的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):31-35.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
钟诚,张军保.田间持水量测定方法研究及对比分析[J].农业与技术,2014(12):29-30.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
张恒嘉.几种大田作物水分-产量模型及其应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(5):997-1 001.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
王克全,何新林,王振华,等.不同灌水处理对滴灌春小麦生长及产量的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2010(9):41-42,47.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
程裕伟,马富裕,冯治磊,等.滴灌条件下春小麦耗水规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):112-117.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |