
秸秆覆盖条件下滨海盐渍土水盐分布及蒸发特征
邓亚鹏, 孙池涛, 孙景生, 张俊鹏, 米兆荣, 毛伟兵, 孙玉霞
秸秆覆盖条件下滨海盐渍土水盐分布及蒸发特征
Effects of Straw Mulching on Water and Salt Distribution and Evaporation Characteristics in Coastal Saline Soil
为了揭示秸秆覆盖滨海盐渍土水盐调控机理,通过室内模拟实验研究了不同秸秆覆盖量(0、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 kg/m2分别由CK、秸秆A、秸秆B、秸秆C和秸秆D表示)对土壤水盐运移和蒸发强度的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖可有效提高表层及土壤剖面含水率,且增墒效果随秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加:试验期间秸秆A、秸秆B、秸秆C和秸秆D剖面平均含水率比CK依次高了41.2%、52.3%、65.7%和58.5%;秸秆覆盖可抑制表层土壤盐分积聚并有效调控土壤剖面盐分分布,秸秆覆盖量越大表层积盐量越低,土壤剖面盐分分布越趋于均衡:试验结束时,CK、秸秆A、秸秆B、秸秆C和秸秆D表层0~2 cm土壤电导率比3~5 cm电导率分别高了246.3%、242.8%、138.4%、40.5%和47.6%;土壤蒸发强度和累积蒸发量随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而降低:试验期间CK、秸秆A、秸秆B、秸秆C和秸秆D处理平均蒸发强度依次为1.79×10-3、1.64×10-3、0.93×10-3、1.35×10-3和0.76×10-3 mm/min,累积蒸发量分别为17.79、20.30、14.20、14.57和10.27 mm,且蒸发初期秸秆覆盖对蒸发强度和累积蒸发量的抑制作用更明显。
In order to reveal the mechanism of straw cover on the water and salt regulation of coastal saline soil, the effects of different straw coverage (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 kg/m2, denoted by CK, straw A, straw B, straw C and straw D, respectively) on soil water and salt transport and evaporation rate are studied through indoor simulation experiments. The results show that straw mulching increases the moisture content of the surface layer and soil profile, and the effect of increasing soil moisture increases with the increase in straw coverage. The average moisture content of straw A, straw B, straw C and straw D profiles are higher than CK by 41.2%, 52.3%, 65.7% and 58.5% during the experiment; straw mulching can suppress the accumulation of surface soil salt and effectively regulate the soil profile salt distribution. The lower the salt content, the more balanced the salt distribution in the soil profile: the electrical conductivity of 0~2 cm soil on the surface of CK, straw A, straw B, straw C and straw D is 246.3%, 242.8%, 138.4%, 40.5% and 47.6% higher than the 3~5 cm conductivity, respectively. At the end of the experiment; the soil evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation decrease with the increase in straw coverage. During the experiment, the average evaporation rate of CK, straw A, straw B, straw C and straw D treatments are 1.79×10-3, 1.64×10-3, 0.93×10-3, 1.35×10-3 and 0.76×10-3 mm/min, the cumulative evaporation is 17.79, 20.30, 14.20, 14.57 and 10.27 mm, and the effect of straw coverage on the evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation is more obvious in the early stage of evaporation.
秸秆覆盖 / 滨海 / 盐渍土 / 水盐分布 / 土壤蒸发 {{custom_keyword}} /
straw mulching / marina / saline-alkaline soil / water-salt distribution / soil evaporation {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 试验土壤颗粒级配相对含量Tab.1 Relative content of particle size of experimental soil |
粒级/mm | 2.0~0.2 | 0.20~0.05 | 0.05~0.02 | 0.02~0.01 | 0.010~0.002 | <0.002 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
相对含量/% | 1.15 | 33.18 | 40.63 | 9.05 | 5.24 | 10.75 |
表2 试验土壤离子含量 (g/kg)Tab.2 Ion composition for the experimental soil |
CO3 2- | HCO3 - | SO4 2- | Cl- | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ | Na+ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤离子含量 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
表3 覆盖量与时间交互作用对土壤蒸发强度和累积蒸发量的双因素方差分析Tab.3 Two-way ANOVA analysis of effects of time and straw mulching amount on soil evaporation rate and cumulative soil evaporation amount |
因素 | 自由度 df | F值 | |
---|---|---|---|
蒸发强度 | 累积蒸发量 | ||
时间 | 35 | 107.62** | 248.41** |
覆盖量 | 4 | 261.45** | 665.75** |
时间×覆盖量 | 140 | 9.64** | 6.33** |
1 |
白春礼. 科技创新引领黄河三角洲农业高质量发展[J]. 中国科学院院刊,2020,35(2):138-144.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
OR D,
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
赵永敢,王婧,李玉义,等. 秸秆隔层与地覆膜盖有效抑制潜水蒸发和土壤返盐[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(23):109-117.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
高旺盛. 论保护性耕作技术的基本原理与发展趋势[J]. 中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2 702-2 708.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
崔新卫,张杨珠,吴金水,等. 秸秆还田对土壤质量与作物生长的影响研究进展[J]. 土壤通报,2014,45(6):253-258.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
赵亚丽,薛志伟,郭海斌,等. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对冬小麦:夏玉米耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2014,47(17):3 359-3 371.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
王改玲,李立科,郝明德. 长期施肥和秸秆覆盖土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数变化[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):20-26.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
殷文,陈桂平,柴强,等. 前茬小麦秸秆处理方式对河西走廊地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤水热特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2 898-2 908.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
解梦怡,商雨晴,赵发珠,等. 不同覆盖方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸对温度变化的响应[J]. 应用生态学报,2020,31(2):467-473.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
付强,马梓奡,李天霄,等. 北方高寒区不同覆盖条件下土壤温度差异性分析[J]. 农业机械学报,2014,45(12):152-159.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
张蛟,崔士友,冯芝祥,等. 气候因子和地表覆盖对沿海滩涂土壤盐分动态的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):294-302.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
王曼华,陈为峰,宋希亮,等. 秸秆双层覆盖对盐碱地水盐运动影响初步研究[J]. 土壤学报,2017,54(6):1 395-1 403.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
肖弘扬,温国昌,林启美,等. 冬春季植被残体覆盖对内蒙古河套地区盐碱土盐分的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):23-26.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
马忠明. 有限灌溉条件下作物—水分关系的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(2):75-79.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
吴训,石建初,左强. 基于作物水分关系改进土壤水分胁迫修正系数的反求方法[J]. 水利学报, 2020,3(2):1-11.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
李全起,陈雨海,于瞬章,等. 灌溉与秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦农田小气候特征[J]. 作物学报,2006,32(2):306-309.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
18 |
张金珠,王振华,虎胆·吐马尔白. 秸秆覆盖对土柱垂直一维水分传输与蒸发的影响[J]. 干旱区研究,2015,10(5):30-37.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
19 |
吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等. 地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J]. 农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
20 |
谭军利,王西娜,田军仓,等. 不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2018,34(5):108-116.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
21 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
22 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
23 |
李晓明,王飞,胡林,等. 风速和秸秆覆盖对土壤水分蒸发影响的模拟试验研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):186-190.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |