
水生植被类型及淹没度对河道垂线流速分布影响试验研究
吴国英, 张文皎, 石家豪, 武彩萍
水生植被类型及淹没度对河道垂线流速分布影响试验研究
Experimental Research on the Effects of Type and Submergence Degree of Aquatic Vegetation on the Vertical Flow Velocity Distributions of Rivers
采用钢筋刚性材料和弹簧柔性材料模拟了不同类型的水生植被,通过概化水槽物理试验研究了水生植被类型、水生植被淹没度对水生植被对于河流流速垂线分布的影响规律。试验结果表明:不同淹没度条件下刚性植被和柔性植被对河流流速垂线分布影响规律相似性较高,流速垂线分布均展现出分层现象;但不同水生植被材质条件流速垂线分布的分层节点不同,这是由不同材质的水生植被与水流间力学作用机制不同导致的。
The rigid steel and flexible spring materials are used to model different types of aquatic vegetation. The effects of type and submergence of aquatic vegetation on the vertical flow velocity distributions of rivers are explored by using physical experiments. The results of physical experiments show that the vertical flow velocity distribution of rigid materials under different submergence degrees exhibits a similar trend as that of flexible ones. The vertical flow velocity distributions of both the rigid and flexible materials exhibit stratification phenomena. The critical values of the stratification phenomena for the different types of aquatic vegetation are different. This is due to the different mechanical interaction mechanisms between the aquatic vegetation and the water flow for the different types of aquatic vegetation.
水生植被 / 淹没度 / 河流流速 / 垂线分布 / 刚柔性材质 {{custom_keyword}} /
aquatic vegetation / submergence degree / river flow velocity / vertical distributions / rigid and flexible materials {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 10 cm×10 cm密度下刚性植被各水力参数(坡度:0.000 7)Tab.1 Hydraulic parameters for 10 cm × 10 cm the rigid vegetation layout |
组别 | 流量/ (L·s-1) | 水深/ m | 淹没度 | 雷诺数 | 弗劳德数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | 5.3 6.3 7.5 8.8 10.2 12.0 13.5 17.0 22.0 29.0 35.0 51.0 64.0 81.0 110.0 | 0.080 0.088 0.096 0.104 0.112 0.120 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.184 0.200 0.240 0.280 0.320 0.400 | 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 | 6 905 8 038 9 376 10 783 12 256 14 144 15 615 18 955 23 676 29 662 34 653 46 755 54 626 64 676 77 793 | 0.124 7 0.128 5 0.134 2 0.139 7 0.144 9 0.153 7 0.156 9 0.165 6 0.183 0 0.195 6 0.208 3 0.230 9 0.230 0 0.238 2 0.231 5 |
表2 10 cm×10 cm密度下柔性植被各水力参数(坡度:0.000 7)Tab.2 Hydraulic parameters of flexible vegetation 10 cm×10 cm |
组别 | 流量/ (L·s-1) | 水深/ m | 淹没度 | 雷诺数 | 弗劳德数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | 5.7 6.7 8.3 9.8 11.2 12.8 14.8 17.9 22.8 30.0 36.0 50.0 63.0 76.0 106.0 | 0.080 0.088 0.096 0.104 0.112 0.120 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.184 0.200 0.240 0.280 0.320 0.400 | 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 | 7 426 8 549 10 376 12 009 13 458 15 087 17 119 19 958 24 537 30 685 35 644 45 838 53 773 60 683 74 965 | 0.134 1 0.136 6 0.148 6 0.155 6 0.159 1 0.163 9 0.172 1 0.174 4 0.189 7 0.202 4 0.214 3 0.226 4 0.226 4 0.223 5 0.223 1 |
图2 无植被与刚性植被1.0淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.2 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.0 submergence without vegetation and rigid vegetation |
图3 刚性植被1.1、1.2、1.3淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.3 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 submergence of rigid vegetation |
图4 刚性植被1.4、1.5、1.6、1.8淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.4 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 submergence of rigid vegetation |
图5 刚性植被2.0、2.3、2.5、3.0淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.5 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 2.0, 2.3, 2.5 and 3.0 submergence of rigid vegetation |
图7 柔性植被1.0淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.7 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.0 submergence of flexible vegetation |
图8 柔性植被1.1、1.2、1.3淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.8 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 submergence of flexible vegetation |
图9 柔性植被1.4、1.5、1.6、1.8淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.9 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 submergence of flexible vegetation |
图10 柔性植被2.0、2.3、2.5、3.0淹没度下的垂线流速分布图Fig.10 Distribution of vertical flow velocity at 2.0, 2.3, 2.5 and 3.0 submergence of flexible vegetation |
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