
气候变化下浙江省极端降水时空变化研究
莫康, 刘光裕, 贺治国, 许月萍
气候变化下浙江省极端降水时空变化研究
Research on the Spatial-temporal Changes of Extreme Precipitation in Zhejiang Province under Climate Changes
基于CMIP5的18个GCMs模型,通过LARS-WG降尺度模型获得降雨数据,计算了2041-2070年在RCP4.5和RCP8.5两个情景下的 11个极端降雨指数,并通过贝叶斯平均法获得两个情景下的集合值,分别与浙江省1971-2000年实测数据的极端指数计算结果进行对比分析,最后探讨了浙江省2041-2070年极端降水时空变化特征,结论如下:①浙江省的降雨量在2041-2070年间趋于集中化,整体向极端降雨量和降雨日数增加的方向发展。其中强降雨量R95pTOT和极强降雨量R99pTOT相对基准期的变化最具代表性,上升幅度最大;中雨日数R20 mm和大雨日数R30 mm上升幅度明显高于小雨日数R10 mm。②全省降雨在空间分布上趋于极端化,极端降雨由东部沿海向西部递减,东部沿海地区未来极端降雨强度和频率相对其他地区增加明显;③RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下极端降雨指数相对基准期的变化相似,相较之下,RCP4.5排放情景下降雨强度和频率增加更为明显,说明该情景下发生极端降雨事件的概率更大。
Based on 18 GCMs of CMIP5, precipitation data is generated by the LARS-WG downscaling model, and 11 extreme precipitation indices are calculated under the two emission scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 from 2041 to 2070, which are averaged by the Bayesian model averaging method and compared with the historical data in Zhejiang Province during the baseline period from 1971 to 2000. This study explores the spatial-temporal variations of extreme precipitation in Zhejiang Province. The results are as follows: ① The precipitation in Zhejiang Province tends to be more concentrated, which has an overall trend for increase in extreme precipitation amount and number of rainfall days. The change of R95pTOT and R99pTOT is the most representative with the largest increase related to the reference period. R20 mm and R30 mm increase obviously higher than R10 mm. ②The spatial distribution of precipitation tends to be extreme, and extreme precipitation decreases from the eastern coast to the west. The eastern coast will experience more and stronger precipitation in the future than other regions. ③ The extreme precipitation indices have similar changes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios compared with the baseline period. In comparison, the increase in extreme precipitation intensity and frequency under RCP4.5 emission scenario is more obvious, which means the probability of the occurrence of extreme precipitation events is higher under RCP4.5 emission scenario.
极端降雨指数 / 浙江省 / 时空变化 / 降水频率 / 降水强度 {{custom_keyword}} /
extreme precipitation indices / Zhejiang Province / Spatial-temporal variation / precipitation intensity / precipitation intensity {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 18个GCMs信息Tab.1 18 GCMs information |
GCMs | 研究机构 | 分辨率 | 权重 |
---|---|---|---|
BCC-CSM1-1 | BCC,中国 | 2.81°×2.81° | 0.042 |
BNU-ESM | GCESS,中国 | 2.81°×2.81° | 0.058 |
CanESM2 | CCCMA,加拿大 | 2.81°×2.81° | 0.058 |
CNRM-CM5 | CNRM-CERFACS,法国 | 1.41°×1.41° | 0.025 |
CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 | CSIRO-QCCCE,澳大利亚 | 1.88°×1.88° | 0.057 |
GFDL-CM3 | NOAA GFDL,美国 | 2.00°×2.50° | 0.071 |
GFDL-ESM2G | 0.056 | ||
GFDL-ESM2M | 0.045 | ||
GISS-E2-H | NASA GISS,美国 | 2.00°×2.50° | 0.043 |
GISS-E2-R | 0.063 | ||
HadGEM2-AO | MOHC, 英国 | 1.24°×1.88° | 0.011 |
HadGEM2-ES | 0.015 | ||
IPSL-CM5A-LR | ISPL,法国 | 1.88°×3.75° | 0.054 |
MIROC5 | 1.41°×1.41° | 0.086 | |
MOROC-ESM-CHEM | MIROC,日本 | 2.81°×2.81° | 0.076 |
MIROC-ESM | 0.090 | ||
MPI-ESM-LR | MPI-M,德国 | 1.88°×1.88° | 0.085 |
MRI-CGCM3 | MRI,日本 | 1.13°×1.13° | 0.065 |
表2 极端降水指数Tab.2 Extreme precipitation indices and definition |
指数名称 | 指数缩写 | 定义 |
---|---|---|
最大1日降雨量 | Rx1day | 每年最大单日降雨量 |
最大5日降雨 | Rx5day | 每年最大连续5日降雨量 |
降雨强度 | SDII | 湿天的总降雨量和湿天日数 (湿天日降雨量>1 mm)的比值 |
年降雨总量 | PRCPTOT | 一年中湿天的降雨量之和 |
强降雨量 | R95pTOT | 一年中湿天日降雨量大于第95个 百分位值的总降雨量 |
极强降雨量 | R99pTOT | 一年中湿天日降雨量大于第99个 百分位值的总降雨量 |
小雨日数 | R10 | 每年降雨量大于10 mm的日数 |
中雨日数 | R20 | 每年降雨量大于20 mm的日数 |
大雨日数 | R30 | 每年降雨量大于30 mm的日数 |
持续干旱日数 | CDD | 日降雨量小于1 mm的最大连续日数 |
持续湿润日数 | CWD | 日降雨量大于1 mm的最大连续日数 |
图3 不同排放情景下2041-2070年浙江省极端降雨指数相对基准期的年际变化Fig.3 Inter-annual variations of extreme precipitation indices under different emission scenarios in Zhejiang during 2041-2070 relative to the baseline period |
表3 不同排放情景下2041-2070年浙江省极端降雨指数均值相对基准期变化Tab.3 Change of the mean of extreme precipitation indices under different emission scenarios in Zhejiang during 2041-2070 relative to the baseline period |
排放情景 | Rx1day/ mm | Rx5day/ mm | SDII/ (mm·d-1) | R10/ (mm·d-1) | R20/ (mm·d-1) | R30/ (mm·d-1) | R95pTOT/ mm | R99pTOT/ mm | PRCPTOT/ mm | CDD/ d | CWD/ d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCP4.5 | 25.32 | 14.40 | 1.99 | 2.28 | 4.09 | 3.43 | 82.46 | 29.69 | 195.65 | -2.27 | -1.67 |
RCP8.5 | 21.62 | 7.74 | 1.52 | 1.19 | 2.98 | 2.50 | 67.23 | 24.74 | 132.03 | -2.42 | -1.77 |
图4 不同排放情景下2041-2070年降雨指数相对基准期均值的空间变化Fig.4 Spatial change of mean of extreme precipitation indices under different emission scenarios in Zhejiang during 2041-2070 relative to the base period |
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