
绿色屋顶降雨径流过程模拟方法研究与应用
张启照
绿色屋顶降雨径流过程模拟方法研究与应用
Development and Application of Rainfall-runoff Simulation Method of Green Roof
绿色屋顶是城市绿色基础设施的重要组成部分。绿色屋顶雨水截留能力是能够延缓产流时间、削减径流总量的关键,基质层土壤渗透特性则对降雨径流过程的削减具有重要的影响。针对绿色屋顶非降雨期间雨水截留能力变化规律以及降雨产(径)流特点,分别根据土壤水蒸发理论及饱和下渗理论,推导建立了用于描述绿色屋顶非降雨期间雨水截留能力变化过程的指数方程和降雨径流过程的单位线模型。结合绿色屋顶多场次降雨径流实际监测数据,分别对绿色屋顶不同场次降雨截留效果及径流过程进行了动态模拟。结果表明,不同场次降雨径流系数、径流过程计算值与实测值变化趋势均基本符合。
Due to rainwater retention is the main approach to the rainfall-runoff reduction effect of green roof, rainwater retention capacity is an important effective index. Considering the characteristics of rainfall-runoff process and the varying process of rainwater retention capacity during the drought period, a unit hydrograph model to simulate rainfall-runoff process is proposed based on the saturated infiltration theory, and an exponential function of rainwater retention capacity during the drought period is presented based on soil-water evaporation theory. Field rainfall-runoff monitoring on green roof is carried out and the results show that the green roof has a significant impact on runoff volume reduction effect. The runoff volume reduction effects for each rainfall event of green roof are simulated by using the exponential function of rainwater retention capacity during the drought period, and then the rainfall runoff processes are simulated by using the unit hydrograph model. The simulation results show that the trends of the estimated and measured values are consistent.
绿色屋顶 / 降雨径流 / 单位线 / 截留能力 / 指数方程 {{custom_keyword}} /
green roof / rainfall runoff process / unit hydrograph / rainwater retention capacity / exponential function {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 绿色屋顶降雨径流监测统计表Tab.1 Precipitation and runoff of green roof during monitoring period |
序列 | 时间 | 降雨量/ mm | 降雨持续 时间/ h | 径流深/ mm | 径流 系数 | 雨水 截留率/% | 截留深/ mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2015-06-26 01∶50-06∶35 | 33.3 | 4.75 | 5.00 | 0.15 | 85 | 28.31 |
2 | 2015-06-26 20∶30-21∶35 | 33.5 | 1.08 | 16.75 | 0.50 | 50 | 16.75 |
3 | 2015-06-29 13∶15-15∶35 | 8.3 | 2.33 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 97 | 8.05 |
4 | 2015-06-30 06∶05-10∶00 | 1.5 | 3.92 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 93 | 1.40 |
5 | 2015-07-22 19∶45-21∶05 | 6.7 | 1.33 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 99 | 6.63 |
6 | 2015-07-27 20∶00-07-28 00∶40 | 54.8 | 4.67 | 25.21 | 0.46 | 54 | 29.59 |
7 | 2015-07-28 07∶15-08∶45 | 1.2 | 1.50 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 75 | 0.90 |
8 | 2015-08-01 21∶50-22∶55 | 9.7 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 0.11 | 89 | 8.63 |
9 | 2015-08-02 01∶15-08∶15 | 1.8 | 7.00 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 96 | 1.73 |
10 | 2015-08-07 19∶00-20∶40 | 52.0 | 1.67 | 23.92 | 0.46 | 54 | 28.08 |
11 | 2015-09-04 10∶25-09-05 13∶35 | 61.4 | 27.17 | 35.61 | 0.58 | 42 | 25.79 |
图2 不同场次降雨雨水截留率变化情况Fig.2 Retention rate of rainwater at each rain event of green roof |
1 |
徐光来,许有鹏,徐宏亮. 城市化水文效应研究进展[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010,25(12):2 171-2 178.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
唐 颖. SUSTAIN支持下的城市降雨径流最佳管理BMP规划研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2010.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
王书敏,李兴杨,张峻华,等. 城市区域绿色屋顶普及对水量水质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014,25(7):2 026-2 032.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
彭立华,杨小山,钱 静,等. 城市绿化屋顶的微气候调节与径流削减效应研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(10):1 658-1 666.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
李俊生,尹海伟,孔繁花,等. 绿色屋顶雨洪调控能力与效益评价[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(4):1 803-1 810.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
陈 辉,任 珺,杜 忠. 屋顶绿化的功能及国内外发展状况[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2007,32(2):162-165.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
葛 德,张守红. 不同降雨条件下植被对绿色屋顶径流调控效益影响[J]. 环境科学,2018,39(11):5 015-5 023.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
18 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
19 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
20 |
唐莉华,倪广恒,刘茂峰, 等. 绿化屋顶的产流规律及雨水滞蓄效果模拟研究[J]. 水文, 2011,31(4):18-22.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
21 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
22 |
申红彬,徐宗学,张书函,等. 绿色屋顶降雨径流削减效果监测与过程模拟[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020,36(5):175-181.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
23 |
吴长文,王礼先. 小集水区试验中三角堰量水问题的研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 1993,15(3):66-74.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
24 |
胡 胜,曹明明,邱海军,等. CFSR气象数据在流域水文模拟中的适用性评价-以灞河流域为例[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(9): 1 571-1 586.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
25 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
26 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |