
基于ESMD的西江流域降水时空变化特征分析
李继清, 陈思雨
基于ESMD的西江流域降水时空变化特征分析
An Analysis of Precipitation Spatiotemporal Characteristics in Xijiang River Basin Based on ESMD
气候影响水文资源的时空分布,研究降水这一气候基本要素的变化特性对流域水资源规划管理具有指导性作用。利用极点对称模态分解(Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition,ESMD)方法,以西江流域1954-2008年51个气象站的降水序列作为研究对象,同时从趋势、周期和突变三方面研究西江流域年降水、年降水极大值、年降水极小值、汛期降水和非汛期降水的时空变化特性,并与小波分析等方法进行对比。结果表明:①各降水指标主要存在2、14、18、28 a等周期特征,周期规律具有一致性;②各降水指标在20世纪60年代、80年代和90年代出现突变现象最为频繁;③年极小值和非汛期降水呈现统一正增长线性趋势;④中下游区域年降水和非汛期降水指标的ESMD趋势结果具有较高一致性。ESMD方法能够有效甄别非平稳序列的变化规律,为降水序列时空变化特征分析开辟了新思路。
Climate affects the spatial-temporal distribution of water resources. Studying the change characteristics of precipitation, a basic element of climate, has a guiding role in the planning and management of water resources in the basin. The Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition (ESMD) method is used to calculate the precipitation data of 51 meteorological stations in the Xijiang River Basin from 1954 to 2008. the spatiotemporal characteristics of annual precipitation, maximum and minimum daily precipitation over the year, flood season and non-flood season precipitation in the Xijiang River Basin are analyzed from three aspects: periods and abrupt changes, and wavelet analysis and other methods. The results show that: ① each precipitation indicator mainly has periodic characteristics such as 2, 14, 18 and 28 a, and the periodicity is consistent; ② the precipitation indicators have the most frequent abrupt changes in the 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s; ③ The annual minimum value and the non-flood season precipitation show a uniform positive growth linear trend; ④ The ESMD trend results of annual and non-flood season precipitation indicators in the middle and lower reaches are highly consistent. The ESMD method can effectively identify the change rule of non-stationary series, and opens up new ideas for the analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation.
降水 / 非平稳序列 / 趋势分析 / 周期分析 / 突变分析 / 极点对称模态分解(ESMD)方法 {{custom_keyword}} /
precipitation / non-stationary series / trends analysis / periods analysis / abrupt changes analysis / extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition {{custom_keyword}} /
图2 西江流域气象站分布图Fig.2 Distribution of meteorological stations in the Xijiang River Basin |
表1 西江流域内各站各降水指标周期统计表 (a)Tab.1 Periodic statistics of precipitation indicators at stations in the Xijiang River Basin |
气象站 | 各降水指标周期 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年降水 | 年极大值 | 年极小值 | 汛期降水 | 非汛期 | |
兴义 | 4 6 9 18 | 4 7 8 28 | 2 6 9 14 | 4 8 14 18 28 | 3 6 18 28 |
广南 | 2 8 14 28 | 4 8 11 28 | 3 7 18 28 | 2 5 14 | 2 6 9 18 |
贺县 | 2 7 18 28 | 2 7 14 | 3 9 28 | 2 7 11 18 | 3 7 8 14 |
宜良 | 2 4 6 28 | 2 7 18 | 2 14 18 28 | 4 14 28 | 2 6 11 28 |
道县 | 2 7 11 18 | 3 6 9 28 | 9 14 28 | 3 7 9 18 | 3 7 11 18 |
表2 ESMD法和小波分析法下年降水周期对比结果表 (a)Tab.2 Comparison of sudden changes in precipitation in the next year by ESMD method and wavelet analysis |
贵阳 | 罗甸 | 通道 | 威宁 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESMD法 | 小波分析法 | ESMD法 | 小波分析法 | ESMD法 | 小波分析法 | ESMD法 | 小波分析法 | |||
3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||
7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 7 | |||
9 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 15 | |||
28 | 28 | 18 | 15 | 28 | 22 | 28 | 22 | |||
28 | 28 |
表3 西江流域内各站各降水指标突变年份统计表Tab.3 Statistics of abrupt change of precipitation index of each station in Xijiang River Basin |
气象站 | 突变年份 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年降水 | 年极大值 | 年极小值 | 汛期降水 | 非汛期降水 | |
宜良 | 1963 1984 | 1967 1983 1997 | 1983 | 1984 | 1959 1969 1981 |
威宁 | 1971 1983 | 1993 | 1983 1993 | 1971 1983 1996 | 1968 1980 |
凤山 | 1967 1990 | 1967 1989 | 1981 | 1968 1991 | 1964 1977 1989 |
望谟 | 1954 1966 1997 | 1966 1988 | 1961 1983 | 1968 1967 | 1959 1981 |
罗甸 | 1954 1976 | 1975 | 1960 1980 | 1954 1964 1978 | 1964 1976 1996 |
表4 ESMD法和Mann-Kendall检验法下部分站年降水突变年份对比结果表Tab.4 Results of abrupt change in precipitation of some stations under the ESMD method and the M-K test |
蒙自 | 独山 | 钦州 | 百色 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESMD法 | M-K法 | ESMD法 | M-K法 | ESMD法 | M-K法 | ESMD法 | M-K法 |
1958 | 1955 | 1963 | 1978 | 1975 | 1964 | 1965 | 1965 |
2005 | 1958 | 1979 | 1980 | 1988 | 2006 | 1991 | |
1967 | 1981 | 2000 | 2008 | ||||
2004 | 1986 | 2007 |
表5 西江流域各站各降水指标线性变化速率结果表Tab.5 Results of the linear change rate of precipitation indexes at various stations in the Xijiang River Basin |
气象站 | 年降水 | 年极大值 | 年极小值 | 汛期 | 非汛期 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
线性 速率 | R² | 线性 速率 | R² | 线性 速率 | R² | 线性 速率 | R² | 线性 速率 | R² | |
那坡 | 2.042 | 0.020 | 0.017 | 0 | 0.086 | 0.047 | 1.338 | 0.010 | 0.704 | 0.020 |
靖西 | 4.324 | 0.075 | 0.827 | 0.022 | 0.065 | 0.025 | 2.574 | 0.032 | 1.750 | 0.099 |
田东 | 2.532 | 0.036 | 0.405 | 0.007 | 0.081 | 0.044 | 1.457 | 0.014 | 1.075 | 0.048 |
来宾 | -1.316 | 0.005 | 0.298 | 0.001 | -0.018 | 0.001 | -1.184 | 0.005 | -0.132 | 0 |
梧州 | -3.556 | 0.045 | -1.309 | 0.052 | 0.008 | 0 | -3.305 | 0.053 | -0.251 | 0.001 |
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