
GPM卫星降水数据产品适用性评价
姜曦, 刘艳丽, 吴永祥, 王高旭, 吴巍, 金君良, 贺瑞敏, 刘翠善
GPM卫星降水数据产品适用性评价
Research on the Quality Evaluation of GPM Satellite Precipitation Data Products
卫星降水产品作为雨量计布设稀疏区域的重要数据补充,其时空精度对水文模拟、预测至关重要。位于高寒区的雅鲁藏布江流域是典型的缺资料区域,通过定量指标与分类指标结合的方式评估GSMap和GPM-IMERG两种卫星降水产品在这一地区的适用性。结果表明:两种卫星降水产品均能准确探测到降水事件的发生情况,相比于其上一代TRMM卫星降水数据,两种卫星降水数据与实测地面降水数据相比,精确度更高(Bias<0.579)、相关性更显著(CC>0.902)。两种卫星降水数据与地面实测数据相关性的空间分布规律一致,均为在流域中游相关性强,而上游、下游较弱。对于雅鲁藏布江流域,GPM卫星降水产品相比与TRMM卫星降水产品具有较好的适用性,更能满足水资源开发利用对数据的需求,未来可与地面观测数据融合生成更为可靠的降水数据系列。
Satellite precipitation products serve as an important data supplement to ungauged or data-deficient region, whose temporal and spatial accuracy is crucial to hydrological simulation and prediction. The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is a typical data-deficient region due to the high-cold mountainous location and extremely difficult for local observation. The applicability of the two satellite precipitation products, GSMap and GPM-IMERG, in this area is evaluated through the combination of quantitative indicators and classification indicators.The results show that both satellite precipitation products can accurately detect the occurrence of precipitation events. Compared with their previous generation TRMM satellite precipitation data, the two satellite precipitation data present higher accuracy (Bias<0.579), the correlation is more significant (CC>0.902), in contrast with the measured ground precipitation data. It is consistent for the spatial distribution of the correlation between the two types of satellite precipitation data and the ground-measured data,a strong correlation in the middle reaches of the river, and weak in the upstream and downstream. For the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, GPM satellite precipitation products undertake better applicability than TRMM precipitation products, and could better meet the precipitation data requirements of water resources development and utilization. In the future, they can be integrated and assimilated with ground-based observation data to generate more reliable precipitation data products.
GSMap / GPM-IMERG / 缺资料地区 / 适用性分析 / 降水 / 雅鲁藏布江流域 {{custom_keyword}} /
GSMap / GPM-IMERG / data-deficient region / applicability analysis / rainfall / Yarlung Zangbo River Basin {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 常见数据产品时空精度信息Tab.1 Spatio-temporal accuracy information of common data products |
降水产品 | 空间精度 | 空间覆盖范围 | 最小时间精度 | 时间范围 | 发布单位 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TRMM | 0.25° | 60°N~60°S | 3 h | 1997-2015 | NASA |
50°N~50°S | 月 | ||||
GPM-IMERG | 0.10° | 90°N~90°S | 0.5 h | 2014至今 | NASA |
GSMap | 0.10° | 60°N~60°S | 1 h | 1998至今 | JAXA |
PERSIANN | 0.25° | 60°N~60°S | 3 h | 1983至今 | UC Irvine |
CMORPH | 8 km | 60°N~60°S | 0.5 h | 1998至今 | NOAA/CPC |
0.25° | 3 h | ||||
GLDAS | 0.25° | 60°N~90°S | 3 h | 2000至今 | NASA |
CRU | 0.50° | 全球陆地范围 | 月 | 1901-2018 | Univercity of East anglia |
APHRODITE | 0.25° | 东亚地区 | 日 | 1951-2007 | Hirosaki University |
表2 卫星降水与地面观测站降水观测情况表Tab.2 Table of precipitation observation about satellite precipitation and ground observation station |
卫星监测 | 地面实测 | |
---|---|---|
发生 | 未发生 | |
发生 | T | F |
未发生 | M | 0 |
图2 月尺度GSMap与GPM-IMERG降水产品与实测数据散点密度图Fig.2 Monthly scale GSMap, GPM-IMERG precipitation products and measured data scatter density map |
表3 月尺度两种卫星降水数据与地面实测数据相关性、相对偏差统计表Tab.3 Statistical table of correlation and relative deviation between two kinds of satellite precipitation data and ground-measured data at monthly scale |
站点 | GSMap卫星降水产品 | GPM IMERG卫星降水产品 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
CC | Bias | CC | Bias | |
波密站 | 0.471 | -0.247 | 0.919 | -0.062 |
林芝站 | 0.798 | -0.267 | 0.959 | 0.251 |
江孜站 | 0.870 | 0.021 | 0.966 | 0.451 |
拉孜站 | 0.864 | -0.288 | 0.963 | 0.489 |
当雄站 | 0.895 | 0.128 | 0.949 | 0.007 |
泽当站 | 0.858 | 0.488 | 0.976 | -0.592 |
普兰站 | 0.306 | 0.425 | 0.582 | -0.993 |
表4 日尺度两种卫星降水数据与地面实测数据相关性、相对偏差统计表Tab.4 Statistical table of correlation and relative deviation between two kinds of satellite precipitation data and ground-measured data at daily scale |
站点 | GSMap卫星降水产品 | GPM IMERG卫星降水产品 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
CC | Bias | CC | Bias | |
波密站 | 0.238 | -0.375 | 0.542 | -0.123 |
林芝站 | 0.339 | -0.029 | 0.458 | 0.049 |
江孜站 | 0.079 | 1.568 | 0.309 | 0.404 |
拉孜站 | 0.156 | 0.639 | 0.335 | 0.361 |
当雄站 | 0.195 | 0.379 | 0.373 | 0.556 |
泽当站 | 0.261 | 0.541 | 0.329 | 0.270 |
普兰站 | 0.155 | 1.647 | 0.256 | 2.091 |
表5 分类分析结果表Tab.5 Table of classification analysis results table |
卫星产品 | 探照率(POD) | 错报率(FAR) |
---|---|---|
GSMap | 0.958 | 0.100 |
GPM-IMERG | 0.924 | 0.172 |
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