
淮北平原区农村水利问题与对策研究
肖晨光, 袁先江, 张虎
淮北平原区农村水利问题与对策研究
Research on Rural Water Conservancy Problems and Countermeasures in Huaibei Plain Area: A Case Study of Yingquan District in Fuyang City
淮北平原地区是我国重要商品粮生产基地之一,农业发展前景广阔,农村水利建设任务繁重。研究以位于安徽淮北平原的阜阳市颍泉区葛桥村和宋湾村为研究对象,从农村饮水、农业节水、农村水系治理三个方面进行研究,走访了“农村水利关键人”,驻点调研了农户。针对淮北平原区存在的农村供水规模不足、地下水位下降、包干制水费收缴模式不利于饮水工程长效运行;节水灌溉工程个体农户参与程度低、省工不省水;农村水污染仍然存在等问题,提出了提升农村供水能力、调整水费收取模式、寻找可替代地表水源、发展规模化种植、推行农业水价改革和节水补偿、增强水系连通性等建议。
Huaibei plains is one of the important commercial grain production bases in China, with broad agricultural development prospects and strong demand for rural water conservancy construction. This study takes Geqiao Village and Songwan Village, Yingquan District, Fuyang City, Anhui Province, as the research area, and conducts the research from three aspects of rural drinking water, agricultural water-saving, and rural water system management. “Key rural water conservancy personnel” and households are investigated in the location. It is found that the water supply scale of rural residents in Huaibei Plains is insufficient; the water table is low; the collection mode of water fee is not conducive to the long-term operation of the water supply project; the participation degree of individual farmers in water-saving irrigation project is low; water-saving devices save labour but not water. Some suggestions, such as increasing regional water supply capacity, adjusting water charge mode, finding alternative surface water source, developing large-scale planting, carrying out agricultural water price reform and water-saving compensation, and increasing water system connectivity, are put forward.
淮北平原 / 农村饮水 / 农业节水 / 农村水系治理 / 驻村调研 {{custom_keyword}} /
Huaibei Plains / rural drinking water / water conservation in agriculture / rural water system management / survey in villages {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 葛桥村、宋湾村农村水利工作调查表Tab.1 Questionnaire of rural water conservancy in Geqiao Village and Songwan Village |
水利工作 | 指标 | 葛桥村 | 宋湾村 |
---|---|---|---|
农村饮水 | 农饮工程规模/(m3·d-1) | 1 200 | 1 800 |
农饮工程覆盖人口/人 | 16 814 | 25 728 | |
水厂年营收/万元 | 3 | 1 | |
村民自来水使用率 | 100 | 100 | |
自备水源率(井水)/% | 0 | 54 | |
自来水满意率/% | 73 | 77 | |
农业节水 | 节水灌溉规模/hm2 | 349 | 402 |
节水灌溉类型 | 喷灌、微灌 | 喷灌、微灌 | |
工程处数/处 | 16 | 15 | |
工程管理主体 | 种粮大户、村集体 | 农村企业、村集体 | |
工程管理模式 | 合作社+专管人员 | 合作社+专管人员 | |
年灌溉次数/次 | 15 | 40 | |
散户灌溉率/% | 0 | 0 | |
节水灌溉增产效益/万元 | 426.02 | 595.02 | |
水系治理 | 主要水系长度/km | 7.73 | 9.94 |
水环境满意率/% | 82 | 85 |
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