
漓江上游金龟河试区氮磷浓度时空差异性分析
张振宇, 代俊峰, 谢晓琳, 万祖鹏, 徐保利, 代俊鸽, 潘林艳
漓江上游金龟河试区氮磷浓度时空差异性分析
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration in Jingui River Region of the Upper Reaches of Lijiang River
为了研究金龟河试区农业面源污染氮磷排放时空分布特征,根据其水力联系在试区内布设了15个监测点,于2017-2018年连续每月监测其氮磷浓度变化,并对两年的水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明:金龟河氮磷浓度总体上呈沿程波动式上升的趋势,在鱼塘排水支流和养殖场排水的支流汇入后,总氮、氨氮和总磷的浓度有明显的上升。在不同下垫面下氨氮与总氮的相关性均显著,相关性大小表现为养殖场>稻田>鱼塘>果林;硝态氮浓度在不同下垫面浓度差异较小。地下水中硝态氮浓度是其他地表水监测点的10倍左右。农田和果林下垫面监测点氮磷浓度总体表现为雨季>干季;养殖场和鱼塘下垫面监测点氮磷浓度表现为干季>雨季。试区内畜禽和水产养殖的氮磷排放对下游水质影响较大,建议加强对养殖废水排放的管理。
In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from agricultural non-point source pollution in Jingui River Pilot Area, 15 monitoring points were set up in the pilot area according to its hydraulic connection. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration changes were monitored monthly from 2017 to 2018, and the water quality monitoring data of two years were analyzed. The results show that: the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Jingui River showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus increased significantly after the tributaries of fish pond drainage and aquaculture wastewater flowed into the river. Under different underlying surfaces, the correlation between ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was significant, and the correlation was as follows: Farm > paddy field > fish pond > fruit forest; the concentration of nitrate nitrogen had little difference under different underlying surfaces. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater is about 10 times higher than that in other surface water monitoring sites. The results show that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the monitoring points on the underlying surface of farmland and fruit forest are rainy season > dry season; the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus on the underlying surface of aquaculture farms and fish ponds was dry season > rainy season. The nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of livestock and aquaculture in the test area have a great impact on the downstream water quality. Strengthening the management of aquaculture wastewater discharge is suggested.
漓江流域 / 氮磷 / 空间分布 / 季节差异 {{custom_keyword}} /
Lijiang River / nitrogen and phosphorus / spatial distribution / seasonal difference {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 金龟河上中下游氮素浓度的差异性分析Tab.1 Difference analysis of nitrogen concentration in upper, middle and lower reaches of Jingui River |
指标 | 平均值/ (mg·L-1) | 标准差 | 范围/ (mg·L-1) | P(上&中) | P(中&下) | P(上&下) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TN | 上(G1~G3) | 1.74 | 0.80 | 0.79~3.17 | |||
中(G4~G6) | 2.53 | 1.25 | 1.17~7.09 | 0.019** | 0.001** | 0** | |
下(G7) | 4.48 | 2.09 | 2.4~8.91 | ||||
NH4 +-N | 上(G1~G3) | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.10~1.84 | |||
中(G4~G6) | 0.72 | 0.37 | 0.24~1.63 | 0.034** | 0** | 0** | |
下(G7) | 2.02 | 1.40 | 0.35~6.10 | ||||
NO3 --N | 上(G1~G3) | 0.93 | 0.41 | 0.20~1.80 | |||
中(G4~G6) | 0.73 | 0.42 | 0.08~1.66 | 0.123 | 0.011** | 0.074 | |
下(G7) | 1.34 | 0.93 | 0.10~3.10 |
表2 不同类型监测点氮素形态相关性分析Tab.2 Correlation Analysis of nitrogen forms in different monitoring sites |
TN | NH4 +-N | NO3 --N | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
相关系数 | 显著性 (双尾) | 相关系数 | 显著性 (双尾) | |
G3(稻田) | 0.551 | 0.010** | 0.829 | 0** |
G6(果林) | 0.501 | 0.021** | 0.232 | 0.312 |
X1(养殖场) | 0.981 | 0.000** | 0.107 | 0.644 |
Y2(鱼塘) | 0.519 | 0.016** | 0.342 | 0.129 |
X5(地下水) | -0.147 | 0.525 | 0.714 | 0** |
G7(总出水口) | 0.971 | 0** | 0.125 | 0.588 |
表3 金龟河上中下游总磷浓度空间差异性分析Tab.3 Spatial difference analysis of total phosphorus concentration in upper, middle and lower reaches of Jingui River |
指标 | 区间 | 平均值/mg | 标准差 | 范围/ (mg∙L-1) | P(上&中) | P(中&下) | P(上&下) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | 上(G1~G3) | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.03~0.47 | |||
中(G4~G6) | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.09~0.67 | 0.044** | 0.032** | 0** | |
下(G7) | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.13~1.41 |
表4 金龟河试区季节划分Tab.4 Seasonal division of Jingui River pilot area |
阶段 | 简称 | 时间 |
---|---|---|
2017年干季+非灌溉季 | GF | 2017-01-2017-03;2017-10-2017-12 |
2017年雨季+灌溉季 | YG | 2017-04-2017-09 |
2018年干季+非灌溉季 | GF’ | 2018-01-2018-03;2018-10-2018-12 |
2018年雨季+灌溉季 | YG’ | 2018-04-2018-09 |
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