
调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树生长及果实产量的影响
赵经华, 张纪圆, 李莎, 强薇
调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树生长及果实产量的影响
The Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the Growth Index and Fruit Yield of Walnut Trees in Drip Irrigation
为探究滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对核桃树生理发育的响应机理,通过大田试验,在开花坐果期和果实膨大期进行轻度亏水(75%ETC )和中度亏水(50%ETC ),分析核桃树生长和果实产量的变化情况。0~40 cm的土层灌后土壤含水率大幅度增加,80~120 cm变化最小。亏水程度越大,土壤含水率越小并且变化幅度也相应减小。调亏灌溉一定程度上抑制新稍长和叶面积指数的增长。复水后新稍长生长趋势不变,开花坐果期轻度亏水的叶面积指数恢复并高于正常灌水,其他处理均没有恢复。核桃树在开花坐果期调亏增加了果实纵横径和单果重,其他处理均降低(P<0.05)。开花坐果期轻度亏水在不影响核桃树产量的情况下,减少枝条生长量,使养分供给果实生长。不适宜亏水的生育期或者过度的亏水会降低产量。
In order to explore the response mechanism of regulated deficit irrigation to the physiological development of walnut trees under drip irrigation conditions, field experiments are conducted to perform light deficit (75% ETC ) and moderate water deficit (50% ETC ) during the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period. After irrigation, the soil moisture content of 0~40 cm in the soil layer changes the most, and the change of 80~120 cm was the smallest. The greater the water deficit, the smaller the soil moisture content and the corresponding decrease in the change range. Regulated deficit irrigation suppresses the new branch and leaf area index to a certain extent. After rehydration, the new branch growth trend remained unchanged. The leaf area index of the mild water deficit in the flowering and fruit setting period recovered and was higher than normal irrigation. Other treatments did not recover. Walnut trees increased the length and breadth of the fruit and the weight of single fruit in the flowering and fruit setting period of regulating deficit, but all other treatments decreased (P<0.05). The slight water deficit in the flowering and fruit setting period will reduce the growth of branches without affecting the yield of walnut trees, so that nutrients can be supplied for fruit growth. Growth periods that are not suitable for water deficit or excessive water deficit will reduce yield.
核桃树 / 滴灌 / 调亏灌溉 / 生长指标 {{custom_keyword}} /
walnut tree / drip irrigation / regulated deficit irrigation / growth index {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同处理采用的核桃树调亏灌溉制度Tab.1 Regulated deficit irrigation system for walnut trees in different treatments |
生育期 | W0 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
萌 芽 期(Ⅰ) | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC |
开花坐果期(Ⅱ) | ETC | 75%ETC | 50%ETC | ETC | ETC | 75%ETC | 50%ETC |
果实膨大期(Ⅲ) | ETC | ETC | ETC | 75%ETC | 50%ETC | 75%ETC | 50%ETC |
硬 核 期(Ⅳ) | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC |
油脂转化期(Ⅴ) | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC |
成 熟 期(Ⅵ) | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC | ETC |
表2 调亏灌溉后新稍长生长量的变化Tab.2 The change of new growth rate after regulated deficit irrigation |
时间 | W0 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ期 | 04-05 | 5.2a | 5.1a | 5.0a | 5.3a | 5.2a | 5.1a | 5.3a |
Ⅱ期 | 04-15 | 14.6a | 12.3b | 11.5c | 14.9a | 14.7a | 12.1b | 11.1d |
04-25 | 21.3a | 18.7b | 17.2c | 21.6a | 21.4a | 18.4b | 17.0c | |
Ⅲ期 | 05-05 | 27.7a | 25.5c | 23.4d | 26.4b | 25.1c | 23.3d | 21.7e |
05-15 | 34.9a | 33.1b | 31.6c | 32.6b | 30.7d | 31.1cd | 28.8e | |
05-25 | 38.4a | 36.9b | 35.3c | 35.5c | 33.4d | 33.8d | 31.0e | |
Ⅳ期 | 06-04 | 41.1a | 39.4b | 38.0c | 37.8c | 35.6d | 36.1d | 33.2e |
06-14 | 42.8a | 41.2b | 40.0c | 40.1c | 37.4d | 37.7d | 35.0e | |
06-24 | 44.1a | 42.3b | 41.3c | 41.1c | 39.5d | 39.1d | 36.3e | |
07-04 | 45.7a | 43.9b | 42.7c | 42.9c | 41.3d | 40.7e | 39.0f | |
Ⅴ期 | 07-14 | 47.1a | 45.4b | 44.0c | 44.6d | 42.5e | 42.3e | 40.5f |
07-24 | 48.2a | 46.6b | 45.3c | 45.3c | 43.4d | 43.3d | 41.7e | |
08-03 | 48.9a | 47.2b | 46.1c | 46.0c | 44.0d | 43.9d | 42.4e | |
08-13 | 49.6a | 48.0b | 46.8c | 46.7c | 44.8d | 44.5d | 43.2e | |
08-23 | 50.2a | 48.5b | 47.3c | 47.3c | 45.4d | 45.1d | 43.8e | |
Ⅵ期 | 09-02 | 50.6a | 48.9b | 47.6c | 47.6c | 45.7d | 45.5d | 44.3e |
09-12 | 50.9a | 49.1b | 47.8c | 47.9c | 46.0d | 45.8d | 44.5e |
表3 调亏灌溉后叶面积指数变化Tab.3 Changes in leaf area index after regulated deficit irrigation |
时间 | W0 | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ期 | 04-05 | 0.38a | 0.37a | 0.39a | 0.36a | 0.38a | 0.40a | 0.39a |
Ⅱ期 | 04-20 | 0.77a | 0.65b | 0.58c | 0.76a | 0.78a | 0.66b | 0.59c |
05-05 | 1.45a | 1.18c | 0.97d | 1.28b | 1.16c | 1.12c | 0.86e | |
Ⅲ期 | 05-20 | 2.33a | 2.31a | 2.22b | 1.95c | 1.73e | 1.87d | 1.44f |
Ⅳ期 | 06-04 | 2.67ab | 2.74a | 2.61b | 2.23c | 2.10d | 2.14d | 1.92e |
06-19 | 2.81b | 2.89a | 2.74c | 2.61d | 2.29e | 2.31e | 2.07f | |
07-04 | 2.92ab | 2.96a | 2.89b | 2.66c | 2.47d | 2.47d | 2.22e | |
Ⅴ期 | 07-19 | 3.13ab | 3.21a | 3.10b | 2.84c | 2.69d | 2.71d | 2.43e |
08-03 | 3.47ab | 3.54a | 3.43b | 3.12c | 2.98d | 3.04d | 2.79e | |
08-18 | 3.89a | 3.95a | 3.88a | 3.54b | 3.38c | 3.50b | 3.25d | |
Ⅵ期 | 09-02 | 4.06a | 4.10a | 4.03a | 3.69b | 3.58c | 3.70b | 3.44d |
09-17 | 3.84b | 3.92b | 3.83a | 3.58c | 3.42d | 3.53c | 3.27e |
表4 不同生育期调亏灌溉的核桃产量及其构成因素Tab.4 Walnut yield and its components under regulated deficit irrigation in different growth periods |
处理 | 纵径/ mm | 横径/ mm | 体积/ cm3 | 单果重/ g | 产量/(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W0 | 52.05b | 44.76c | 54.62c | 12.46b | 3874.95b |
W1 | 53.59b | 46.29b | 60.11b | 12.90a | 4150.70a |
W2 | 55.26a | 48.26a | 67.39a | 12.81a | 3787.88bc |
W3 | 50.09c | 42.85d | 48.15d | 12.35c | 3769.69bc |
W4 | 47.30d | 40.48e | 40.58e | 12.30d | 3651.28c |
W5 | 49.07c | 43.26d | 47.78d | 12.42bc | 3534.34d |
W6 | 47.26d | 41.34de | 42.28e | 12.29d | 3274.51e |
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