
抚仙湖适宜生态水位研究及水位改变度分析
谷桂华, 杨侃, 杨文春, 朱文祥, 李红明, 林家阳, 陈佳林
抚仙湖适宜生态水位研究及水位改变度分析
Research on the Suitable Ecological Water Level of Fuxian Lake and Analysis of Water Level Variation Degree
抚仙湖-星云湖出流改道工程的建成运行改变了抚仙湖水文水动力条件,对湖区的生态平衡将产生一定影响。应用线性趋势分析法、M-K法诊断和检验1953-2019年抚仙湖水位的变化趋势及其显著性,并用累积距平法分析该系列过程的跳跃性。基于IHA(Indicators of Hydrological Alteration)法和RVA(Range of Variability Approach)法,以抚仙湖海口水位站1953-2019年日水位观测数据为基础,以最接近突变年份(2011年)的2009年抚仙湖不从海口河出流而向星云湖出流为变异点,计算1953-2008年自然出流状态下抚仙湖每月水位、年极端水位及其出现时间、高低水位的频率和持续时间、涨落水次数、涨落水速率等24个指标来全面描述湖泊生态水位需求;通过改变度的计算,揭示2009-2019年抚仙湖水位的变异程度;评价2009-2019年期间湖泊生态水位的满足程度。计算结果:1953-2019年抚仙湖年平均水位呈不显著波动下降趋势,全年适宜生态水位需求为1 721.48~1 722.74 m,其中1-12月适宜生态水位依次:1 721.8~1 722.46、1 721.69~1 722.35、1 721.6~1 722.25、1 721.54~1 722.16、1 721.48~1 722.12、1 721.56~1 722.19、1 721.7~1 722.35、1 721.9~1 722.56、1 722.02~1 722.72、1 722.06~1 722.74、1 722.01~1 722.71、1721.93~1 722.61 m;年最高水位为1 722.18~1 722.87 m,发生时间为第235~304 d(年积日);年最低水位为1 721.40~1 722.03 m,发生时间为第127~154 d(年积日);高水位 1 722.27 m(发生0~2次),平均持续时间为23~150 d/次;低水位1 721.98 m(发生0~2次),平均持续时间为38~183 d/次;日际涨水次数为8~18次,涨水速率为0.014~0.020 m/d;日际落水次数为5~14次,落水速率为0.004~0.025 m/d。相比1953-2008年,2009-2019年抚仙湖水位发生了中度改变,总体改变度为52.2%;2009-2019年期间湖泊生态水位总体满足程度为23.5%。分析结果可为抚仙湖水生态保护和水资源调度管理提供科学参考。
The completion and operation of the diversion project between Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake has changed the hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions of Fuxian Lake, which will have a certain influence on the ecological balance of the lake area. The linear trend analysis method and M-K method are used to diagnose and test the variation trend and its significance of water level in Fuxian Lake from 1953 to 2019, and the jump of the series process is analyzed by cumulative anomaly method. Method based on IHA (Indicators of Hydrological Alteration) and RVA (the Range of Variability Approach) method, to haikou gage of fuxian lake, water level observation data from 1953 to 2019 as the foundation, with the most close to the mutation year (2011) 2009 fuxian lake not from haikou to xingyun lake river discharge flow variation points, 24 indicators, such as monthly water level, annual extreme water level and their occurrence time, frequency and duration of high and low water level, times of fluctuation and fluctuation water rate, are calculated to comprehensively describe the ecological water level demand of Fuxian Lake under the state of natural outflow from 1953 to 2008. The variation degree of water level in Fuxian Lake from 2009 to 2019 is revealed through the calculation of variation degree. To evaluate the satisfaction degree of lake ecological water level from 2009 to 2019. Calculation results from 1953 to 2019, the annual average water level of Fuxian Lake shows a trend of insignificant fluctuation and decline, and the annual demand for suitable ecological water level is 1 721.48~1 722.74 m, among which the suitable ecological water level from January to December is successively as follows: 1 721.8~1 722.46, 1 721.69~1 722.35, 1 721.6~1 722.25, 1 721.54~1 722.16, 1 721.48~1 722.12, 1 721.56~1 722.19, 1 721.9~1 722.35, 1 722.02, 1 722.06~1 722.74, 1 722.01~1 722.71, 1 721.93~1 722.61 m. The highest water level in the year is 1 722.18~1 722.87 m, and the occurrence time is 235~304 days (annual volume day). The lowest water level is 1 721.40~1 722.03 m, and the occurrence time is 127~154 days (annual volume day). The high water level is 1 722.27 m (0~2 times), and the average duration is 23~150 d/time. The low water level is 1 721.98 m (0~2 times), and the average duration is 38~183 d/time. The inter-diurnal flood frequency is 8-18 times, and the flood rate is 0.014~0.020 m/d. The diurnal falling times is 5~14, and the falling rate is 0.004~0.025 m/d. Compared with the period from 1953 to 2008, the water level of Fuxian Lake changed moderately from 2009 to 2019, and the overall change degree was 52.2%. The overall satisfaction degree of lake ecological water level from 2009 to 2019 was 23.5%. The analysis results can provide scientific reference for water ecological protection and water resource management in Fuxian Lake.
适宜生态水位 / IHA/RVA法 / 改变度 / 趋势与跳跃性 / 抚仙湖 / 出流改道工程 {{custom_keyword}} /
suitable ecological water level / IHA/RVA method / change degree / trends and leaps / Fuxian Lake / flow diversion {{custom_keyword}} /
图2 抚仙湖1953-2019年多年平均水位过程Fig.2 The average water level of Fuxian Lake from 1953 to 2019 |
表1 抚仙湖月水位阈值及2009-2019年改变度计算结果Tab.1 Calculation results of fuxian Lake's monthly water level threshold and change degree from 2009 to 2019 |
月份 | 平均水位(1953-2008年)/m | ZP =25%/m | ZP =75%/m | 平均水位(2009-2019年)/m | 2009-2019系列改变度/% | 改变程度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 722.15 | 1 722.46 | 1 721.80 | 1 721.69 | 45.5 | 中度 |
2 | 1 722.04 | 1 722.35 | 1 721.69 | 1 721.59 | 45.5 | 中度 |
3 | 1 721.95 | 1 722.25 | 1 721.60 | 1 721.51 | 45.5 | 中度 |
4 | 1 721.87 | 1 722.16 | 1 721.54 | 1 721.45 | 45.5 | 中度 |
5 | 1 721.82 | 1 722.12 | 1 721.48 | 1 721.42 | 45.5 | 中度 |
6 | 1 721.90 | 1 722.19 | 1 721.56 | 1 721.48 | 45.5 | 中度 |
7 | 1 722.05 | 1 722.35 | 1 721.70 | 1 721.58 | 27.3 | 低度 |
8 | 1 722.25 | 1 722.56 | 1 721.90 | 1 721.69 | 45.5 | 中度 |
9 | 1 722.39 | 1 722.72 | 1 722.02 | 1 721.76 | 45.5 | 中度 |
10 | 1 722.42 | 1 722.74 | 1 722.06 | 1 721.78 | 63.6 | 中度 |
11 | 1 722.38 | 1 722.71 | 1 722.01 | 1 721.72 | 63.6 | 中度 |
12 | 1 722.29 | 1 722.61 | 1 721.93 | 1 721.61 | 63.6 | 中度 |
表2 抚仙湖年极端水位及其发生时间、2009-2019年改变度计算结果Tab.2 Calculation results of annual extreme water level of Fuxian Lake, its occurrence time and variation degree from 2009 to 2019 |
序列 | Z max /m | Z min /m | TZ max /d | TZ min /d |
---|---|---|---|---|
1953-2008年 | 1 722.18~1 722.87 | 1 721.40~1 722.03 | 235~304 | 127~154 |
2009-2019年改变度/% | 45.5 | 27.3 | 9.1 | 27.3 |
改变程度 | 中度 | 低度 | 低度 | 低度 |
表3 抚仙湖高低水位及其持续时间、2009-2019年改变度计算结果Tab.3 Calculation results of the high and low water level of Fuxian Lake, its duration and change degree from 2009 to 2019 |
项目 | 高水位/m | 低水位/m | 高水持续时长/(d·次-1) | 低水持续时长/(d·次-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1953-2008年 | 1 722.27 | 1 721.98 | 23~150 | 38~183 |
2009-2019年改变度/% | 63.6 | 63.6 | 81.8 | 63.6 |
改变程度 | 中度 | 中度 | 高度 | 中度 |
表4 抚仙湖涨落水次数及其速率、2009-2019年改变度计算结果Tab.4 Calculation results of the frequency and rate of the fluctuation of Fuxian Lake and its variation degree from 2009 to 2019 |
项目 | 涨水次数 /次 | 落水次数/次 | 涨水速率/(m·d-1) | 落水速率/(m·d-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1953-2008年 | 8~18 | 5~14 | 0.014~0.020 | 0.004~0.025 |
2009-2019年改变度/% | 27.3 | 27.3 | 45.5 | 100.0 |
相应改变程度 | 低度 | 低度 | 中度 | 高度 |
表5 2009-2019年抚仙湖生态水位满足程度评价Tab.5 Evaluation of ecological water level satisfaction in Fuxian Lake from 2009 to 2019 |
年份 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年内满足程度/% | 0 | 41.7 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83.3 | 58.3 |
满足月数 | 31 | ||||||||||
总体满足程度/% | 23.5 |
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