
滴灌条件下不同氮肥处理对红枣生长及产量的影响
寇睿, 贾生海, 白有帅, 赵霞, 马雁, 曹睿, 许春娟, 郑宗倩, 高峰, 杨述睿
滴灌条件下不同氮肥处理对红枣生长及产量的影响
Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Jujube Growth Indexes and Leaf SPAD Values under Drip Irrigation
为探究滴灌条件下不同氮肥施用水平对枣树生长及产量的影响,并确定适宜当地的氮肥施用量,以民勤当地7 a生枣树为研究对象,设置4个氮肥施用水平(407 kg/hm2,CK;610 kg/hm2,T1;814 kg/hm2,T2;1 020 kg/hm2,T3)作为处理进行大田试验。结果表明:各生育时期叶片SPAD值均随着施氮量的增加而上升;氮肥量的增加可以在一定程度上促进枣吊的生长,T3处理较CK枣吊长度增加了16.75 cm,增幅为11.57%;增施氮肥可有效提高当地枣树坐果率,坐果率最高的处理为T3,比CK和T1的坐果率分别增加了3.69%和3.06%;T3处理下红枣产量最高,较CK处理增产2 444.44 kg/hm2,增幅为24.76%。通过使用隶属函数法进行综合评价,认为T3处理(1 020 kg/hm2氮肥施用量)为最优处理,是适宜当地的氮肥施用水平。
In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the growth indexes and SPAD value of jujube under drip irrigation, and determine the appropriate local nitrogen application rate, the field experiment was conducted with 7-year-old jujube trees in Minqin, and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (407 kg/hm2, CK; 610 kg/hm2, T1;814 kg/hm2,T2; 1 020 kg/hm2,T3) were set as the treatment. The results showed that the SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase in nitrogen application rate in each growth period.The increase in nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of jujube bearing branches to a certain extent. Compared with CK, T3 treatment can increase the length of jujube bearing branches by 16.75 cm, an increase of 11.57%.Increasing nitrogen fertilizer can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of local jujube trees, and T3 has the highest fruit setting rate. Compared with CK and T1, the fruit setting rate increases by 3.69% and 3.06% respectively. T3 treatment has the highest yield, which is 162.99 kg/m2 higher than CK treatment, with an increase of 24.76%. Through the comprehensive evaluation by using the membership function method, it is considered that T3 treatment (1 020 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer application rate) is the optimal treatment and is suitable for the local nitrogen fertilizer application.
红枣 / 氮肥 / SPAD值 / 枣吊 / 坐果率 / 产量 {{custom_keyword}} /
jujube / nitrogen fertilizer / SPAD value / bearing branches / fruit setting rate / yield {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 枣树施肥方案 (kg/hm2)Tab.1 Mature jujube fertilization experiment scheme |
处理 | 基肥复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O) | 追肥(尿素,CH4N2O) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
花期 | 幼果期 | 果实膨大期 | 总计 | ||
CK | 75 | 122.1 | 122.1 | 162.8 | 407.0 |
T1 | 75 | 183 | 183 | 244 | 610 |
T2 | 75 | 244.2 | 244.2 | 325.6 | 814.0 |
T3 | 75 | 306 | 306 | 408 | 1 020 |
表2 不同氮肥水平叶绿素含量水平变化Tab.2 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the chlorophyll content of jujube |
开花期 | 幼果期 | 果实膨大期 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理 | SPAD值 | 5%显著水平 | 1%极显著水平 | 处理 | SPAD值 | 5%显著水平 | 1%极显著水平 | 处理 | SPAD值 | 5%显著水平 | 1%极显 著水平 |
CK | 25.77±0.52 | c | B | CK | 26.15±0.17 | b | B | CK | 31.41±0.89 | a | A |
T1 | 26.12±0.44 | bc | B | T1 | 27.21±0.38 | b | B | T1 | 31.85±0.66 | a | A |
T2 | 26.93±0.21 | b | AB | T2 | 29.69±0.51 | a | A | T2 | 32.14±0.91 | a | A |
T3 | 28.25±0.83 | a | A | T3 | 29.84±0.56 | a | A | T3 | 32.46±0.62 | a | A |
表3 不同氮肥水平对枣吊长度的影响Tab.3 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the length of new branches |
06-15 | 06-30 | 07-14 | 07-29 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理 | 枣吊长度 | 5%显著水平 | 处理 | 枣吊长度 | 5%显著水平 | 处理 | 枣吊长度 | 5%显著水平 | 处理 | 枣吊长度 | 5%显著水平 |
CK | 47.32±2.54 | a | CK | 106.47±3.12 | b | CK | 140.25±12.88 | a | CK | 144.83±16.78 | a |
T1 | 44.72±2.53 | a | T1 | 111.72±10.49 | ab | T1 | 145.25±9.38 | a | T1 | 154.17±14.71 | a |
T2 | 48.63±3.45 | a | T2 | 120.43±6.21 | ab | T2 | 152.50±7.55 | a | T2 | 155.33±8.49 | a |
T3 | 48.77±4.24 | a | T3 | 123.55±10.45 | a | T3 | 153.5±11.79 | a | T3 | 161.58±10.19 | a |
表4 不同氮肥水平对枣树坐果率的影响Tab.4 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on fruit setting rate |
处理 | 坐果率/% | 5%显著水平 | 1%极显著水平 |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 3.67±0.82 | b | B |
T1 | 4.30±1.52 | b | AB |
T2 | 5.79±1.16 | ab | AB |
T3 | 7.36±0.92 | a | A |
表5 不同氮肥水平对红枣产量的影响Tab.5 Effect of different nitrogen levels on the yield of jujube |
处理 | 产量/(kg·hm-2) | 5%显著水平 | 1%极显著水平 |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 9 873.01±429.45 | c | B |
T1 | 10 920.62±145.48 | bc | A |
T2 | 11 968.24±469.80 | ab | A |
T3 | 12 317.45±972.80 | a | A |
表6 不同氮肥水平枣树平均隶属函数值结果Tab.6 Results of average membership function values of jujube in different nitrogen fertilizer |
处理 | 重复 | S 1 | S 2 | S 3 | S 4 | S 5 | S 6 | 隶属函数均值 | 排名 | 综合排名 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 1 | 0.034 1 | 0.014 9 | 0.662 3 | 0.788 2 | 0.321 0 | 0.214 3 | 0.339 1 | 9 | 4 |
2 | 0.256 7 | 0.109 3 | 0.398 5 | 0 | 0.027 5 | 0 | 0.132 0 | 11 | ||
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.435 3 | 0.057 8 | 0.119 0 | 0.102 0 | 12 | ||
T1 | 1 | 0.316 2 | 0.377 0 | 0.662 3 | 0.794 1 | 0.189 4 | 0.381 0 | 0.453 3 | 7 | 3 |
2 | 0.079 5 | 0.262 8 | 0.662 3 | 0.229 4 | 0 | 0.333 3 | 0.261 2 | 10 | ||
3 | 0.176 5 | 0.118 7 | 0.232 9 | 0.858 8 | 0.587 7 | 0.404 8 | 0.396 6 | 8 | ||
T2 | 1 | 0.469 3 | 0.797 8 | 0.718 4 | 0.870 6 | 0.349 8 | 0.500 0 | 0.617 6 | 5 | 2 |
2 | 0.360 3 | 0.809 7 | 0.910 2 | 0.476 5 | 0.798 7 | 0.714 3 | 0.678 3 | 3 | ||
3 | 0.391 0 | 0.628 9 | 0.250 7 | 0.617 6 | 0.506 1 | 0.690 5 | 0.514 1 | 6 | ||
T3 | 1 | 0.717 2 | 0.648 3 | 0.541 6 | 0.870 6 | 1.000 0 | 1.000 0 | 0.796 3 | 2 | 1 |
2 | 0.564 8 | 0.680 6 | 0.700 7 | 0.535 3 | 0.926 7 | 0.619 0 | 0.671 2 | 4 | ||
3 | 1.000 0 | 1.000 0 | 1.000 0 | 1.000 0 | 0.655 7 | 0.547 6 | 0.867 2 | 1 |
1 |
曲泽洲,王永蕙.中国果树志:枣卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993:2-6.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
刘孟军.中国枣产业发展报告[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008:114-115.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
龙兴桂.现代中国果树栽培[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000: 1 822-8 131.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
宋丽华,万仲武,曹兵.不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合指标的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(1):40-44.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
袁亚宏,高振鹏,史亚歌.我国红枣的产业化开发[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30():95-98.
增刊1
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
李新岗,同金侠,张同庆,等.陕北枣树优质丰产栽植技术研究[J].陕西林业科技,2001,29(2):11-14.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
晋明瑞.枣树速生丰产栽培技术研究[J].经济林研究,2000,18(1):45-46.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
张彤彤,徐福利,汪有科,等.施用氮磷钾对密植梨枣生长与叶片养分季节动态的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):241-248.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.氮、磷、钾施肥配比对红枣光合特性与水分利用效率的影响研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):144-150.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
付彦博,王成福,黄建,等.水肥交互对红枣产量及生理状况的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(1):66-75.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
陈波浪,盛建东,李建贵,等.施肥对枣树生长及营养特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(2):644-648.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.基于灰枣产量和品质的水氮耦合效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):263-266.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
付明胜,刘立斌,刘红梅.陕北山旱地枣园平衡施肥技术的研究[J].土壤肥料,2002,39(3):3-6.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.不同氮磷钾配比滴灌对灰枣产量与品质的影响[J].果树学报,2011,28(2):229-233.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
刘国宏,马英杰,王则玉,等.滴灌条件下不同施肥水平对枣树生长效应及产量构成要素的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(3):481-487.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
王腾飞,张芮,张梅花,等.不同沟灌方式对马铃薯生长发育及品质的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2020,62(4):102-106.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
陈荣敏,杨学举,梁凤山,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价冬小麦的抗旱性[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,44(2):7-9.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |