
浑太流域水质演变特征及污染源解析
李尧, 刘建卫, 秦国帅, 田晶
浑太流域水质演变特征及污染源解析
Water Quality Evolution Characteristics and Pollution Source Analysis in Huntai River Basin
利用10年间浑太流域26个监测断面8项水质指标的监测数据,全面分析流域的水质时空演变特征,得出其水质变化情况。通过主成分分析法,针对近期的水质污染情况进行了污染源解析,确定浑太流域的主要污染源为城镇污水排放、工业生产污染和部分气象因素的影响。并利用绝对主成分多元线性回归分析法计算各指标的相应污染贡献率,为后期有效地进行流域水污染治理提供对策和依据。
Based on the monitoring data of 8 water quality indexes of 26 monitoring sections in Huntai River Basin in the past 10 years, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of water quality in the basin are comprehensively analyzed, and the water quality changes are obtained. According to the recent water pollution situation, the main pollution sources of Huntai River Basin are determined as urban sewage discharge, industrial production pollution and some meteorological factors. The absolute principal component multiple linear regression analysis method is used to calculate the corresponding pollution contribution rate of each index, so as to provide countermeasures and basis for effective water pollution control in the later stage.
浑太流域 / 水质评价 / 时空演变 / 污染源解析 / APCS-MLR {{custom_keyword}} /
Huntai River Basin / water quality assessment / spatiotemporal evolution / pollution source analysis / APCS-MLR {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 2001-2019年浑太流域监测断面水质类别Tab.1 Water quality classification of monitoring section in Huntai River Basin from 2001 to 2019 |
年份 | 水质类别 | 达标断面数 | 达标率/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | 劣Ⅴ | |||
2001 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 18.18 |
2002 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 18.18 |
2003 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 18.18 |
2004 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 18.18 |
2005 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 9.09 |
2006 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 27.27 |
2007 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 27.27 |
2015 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 65.38 |
2016 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 57.69 |
2017 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 80.77 |
2018 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 17 | 65.38 |
2019 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 80.77 |
表2 浑太流域水质季节性变化Tab.2 Seasonal variation of water quality in Huntai River Basin |
水质指标/ (mg·L-1) | 浑河流域 | 太子河流域 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001-2007年汛期 | 2001-2007年非汛期 | 2015-2019年汛期 | 2015-2019年非汛期 | 2001-2007年汛期 | 2001-2007年非汛期 | 2015-2019年汛期 | 2015-2019年非汛期 | |
高锰酸盐指数 | 7.294 | 8.975 | 5.494 | 5.762 | 5.643 | 6.461 | 3.711 | 4.012 |
生化需氧量 | 5.518 | 8.042 | 4.240 | 4.841 | 3.493 | 4.444 | 2.794 | 2.824 |
化学需氧量 | 25.869 | 33.803 | 19.948 | 22.189 | 19.012 | 23.064 | 13.334 | 15.467 |
氨氮 | 4.595 | 8.639 | 1.065 | 1.680 | 1.023 | 2.814 | 0.540 | 0.962 |
挥发酚 | 0.004 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.030 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
表3 浑太流域各水质指标主成分矩阵Tab.3 Principal component matrix of water quality indexes in Huntai River Basin |
变量 | 浑河流域(主成分因子) | 太子河流域(主成分因子) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
pH | 0.262 | -0.662 | 0.389 | 0.014 | 0.826 | 0.046 |
溶解氧 | -0.009 | 0.056 | 0.890 | 0.125 | 0.804 | -0.049 |
高锰酸盐指数 | 0.878 | -0.152 | 0.117 | 0.844 | 0.212 | -0.029 |
生化需氧量 | 0.840 | 0.077 | 0.021 | 0.695 | 0.142 | -0.236 |
氨氮 | 0.743 | 0.159 | -0.231 | 0.674 | -0.146 | 0.051 |
石油类 | 0.093 | 0.806 | 0.256 | -0.044 | 0.004 | 0.966 |
化学需氧量 | 0.889 | -0.089 | 0.092 | 0.842 | 0.097 | -0.070 |
总磷 | 0.807 | -0.045 | -0.013 | 0.774 | -0.114 | 0.234 |
特征值 | 3.550 | 1.156 | 1.084 | 2.975 | 1.437 | 1.056 |
贡献率/% | 44.370 | 14.440 | 13.560 | 37.190 | 17.960 | 13.200 |
累计贡献率/% | 44.370 | 58.820 | 72.370 | 37.190 | 55.160 | 68.350 |
表4 浑太流域主要污染指标的污染源贡献率Tab.4 Contribution rate of pollution sources of main pollution indexes in Huntai River Basin |
变量 | 浑河流域(贡献率) | 太子河流域(贡献率) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1/% | PC2/% | PC3/% | R 2 | PC1/% | PC2/% | PC3/% | R 2 | |
pH | 19.95 | 50.42 | 29.63 | 0.654 | 1.58 | 93.23 | 5.19 | 0.680 |
溶解氧 | 0.94 | 5.86 | 93.19 | 0.792 | 12.78 | 82.21 | 5.01 | 0.660 |
高锰酸盐指数 | 76.55 | 13.25 | 10.20 | 0.806 | 77.79 | 19.54 | 2.67 | 0.754 |
生化需氧量 | 89.55 | 8.21 | 2.24 | 0.708 | 64.77 | 13.23 | 21.99 | 0.553 |
氨氮 | 65.58 | 14.03 | 20.39 | 0.627 | 77.38 | 16.76 | 5.86 | 0.472 |
石油类 | 8.05 | 69.78 | 22.16 | 0.720 | 4.34 | 0.39 | 95.27 | 0.934 |
化学需氧量 | 83.08 | 8.32 | 8.60 | 0.805 | 83.45 | 9.61 | 6.94 | 0.720 |
总磷 | 93.29 | 5.20 | 1.50 | 0.650 | 68.98 | 10.16 | 20.86 | 0.662 |
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