
干旱-复水对西红柿光合叶绿素荧光及水分利用效率的影响
李佳佳, 孔珂, 王书吉, 庞桂斌
干旱-复水对西红柿光合叶绿素荧光及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of Drought-rewatering on Photosynthetic Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Water Use Efficiency of Tomatoes
为了提高作物水分生产效率,缓解农业用水危机,采用调亏灌溉模式,在西红柿开花坐果期干旱一定时间后进行复水,通过测定亏-复水前后的光合参数和叶绿素荧光,来分析干旱-复水模式下西红柿的生理性能、产量和水分利用效率的变化。设置对照、3种干旱周期、3种灌水梯度,共10个处理;对照组处理土壤含水率始终保持在田间持水量90%~100%,3种干旱周期分别为连续干旱7、14和21 d,然后复水;3种灌水梯度处理使土壤含水率分别保持在田持的80%、60%和40%;结果表明:在短期干旱7、14 d胁迫下,西红柿叶片的Fv/Fm、Fv/F0均随胁迫程度的增加而降低,复水后均有所恢复,除土壤含水率为田间持水量的80%~60%处理能基本恢复至对照水平,其余处理均不能恢复至干旱前的状态,而连续干旱21 d后的各处理受抑制更明显,复水后不能完全恢复。在短期干旱7、14 d胁迫过程中Ci 逐渐降低,Gs 下降,且复水后Ci 迅速恢复,说明Pn 降低主要是气孔限制引起的,在干旱21 d处理阶段,各调亏处理的Ci 不同于Pn 和Gs 的下降,反而相比干 旱14 d处理Ci 升高,说明连续干旱21 d,会产生非气孔限制因素导致西红柿Pn 降低。土壤含水率为田间持水量的80%、60%处理在干旱7 d后的WUE高于对照组4.44%和1.90%,表明在干旱7 d条件下,将土壤含水率控制在田持的60%~80%有利于提高西红柿水分利用效率。因此,适度干旱处理降低西红柿的光合性能,干旱后复水对西红柿的水分利用效率提高具有积极作用。
In order to improve the water production efficiency of crops and alleviate the agricultural water crisis, the regulated deficit irrigation mode is adopted to rehydrate the tomatoes after a certain period of drought during the flowering and fruit-bearing period. By measuring the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence before and after depletion-rewatering, the physiological performance, yield and water use efficiency of tomatoes under drought-rewatering mode are analyzed. a control, 3 drought periods, 3 irrigation gradients, a total of 10 treatments are set up. The control group has always maintained the soil moisture content of the field water holding capacity of 90%~100%, and the 3 drought periods are continuous droughts for 7, 14 and 21 d, and then re-watering. 3 kinds of irrigation gradient treatments keep the soil moisture content at 80%, 60% and 40% of the field hold respectively.The results show that under short-term drought stress of 7 d and 14d, the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of tomato leaves decrease with the increase in stress, and recover after rewatering, except that the soil moisture is 80% of the field water holding capacity. -60% treatment can roughly restore to the control level, the rest of the treatments can not restore the state before the drought, However, each treatment after 21 days of continuous drought is more inhibited, and it can not fully recover after rewatering. During the short-term drought stress of 7 and 14 d, Ci gradually decreased, Gs decreased, and Ci recovered rapidly after rewatering, indicating that the decrease in Pn is mainly caused by stomatal restriction. In the 21 d drought treatment stage, the Ci of each regulated deficit treatment is different from Pn and the decrease in Gs, on the contrary, increases Ci compared with the 14 d drought treatment, indicating that the continuous drought for 21 days will produce non-stomata limiting factors that will reduce the Pn of tomatoes. The WUE of the soil moisture content of 80% and 60% of the field water holding capacity after 7 days of drought is higher than that of the control group by 4.44% and 1.90%. It shows that controlling the soil moisture content at 80% to 60% of the field under drought conditions 7 d is conducive to improving the water use efficiency of tomatoes.Therefore, drought treatment reduces the photosynthetic performance of tomatoes, and rewatering after drought has a positive effect on improving the water use efficiency of tomatoes.
干旱-复水 / 叶绿素荧光 / 光合参数 / 水分利用效率 {{custom_keyword}} /
drought and rewatering / chlorophyll fluorescence / photosynthesis / water use efficiency {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 调亏灌溉设计方案Tab.1 Regulated deficit irrigation design scheme |
处理名称 | 调亏灌溉模式 | 土壤含水率(田持)/% | 干旱周期/d |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 充分灌溉 | 90~100 | 0 |
RD1 | 常规灌溉 | 75~80 | 7 |
RD2 | 中度调亏 | 55~65 | 7 |
RD3 | 重度调亏 | 35~45 | 7 |
RD4 | 常规灌溉 | 75~80 | 14 |
RD5 | 中度调亏 | 55~65 | 14 |
RD6 | 重度调亏 | 35~45 | 14 |
RD7 | 常规灌溉 | 75~80 | 21 |
RD8 | 中度调亏 | 55~65 | 21 |
RD9 | 重度调亏 | 35~45 | 21 |
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