
三峡库区泥沙淤积特性研究
李旺, 祖波, 李嘉雯
三峡库区泥沙淤积特性研究
Research on the Sedimentation Characteristics in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
针对三峡运行后的泥沙淤积问题,基于实测资料,分析了三峡库区的泥沙淤积特性,并基于室内试验模拟了三峡库区水动力下泥沙的絮凝效果。结果表明:三峡水库运行以来,泥沙入库及出库量呈震荡下降的趋势,淤积总量逐年上升;三峡水库年均排沙比为21.0%,受多种因素影响,排沙比总体下降;三峡库区消落带泥沙淤积受坡度及高程影响,坡度越小的地区泥沙淤积量越大,而高程越高的地区淤积量越小;在室内试验中明确了在三峡库区相应水动力条件下,库区泥沙能够在短时间内快速絮凝并沉降,水动力条件的改变对三峡库区泥沙颗粒絮凝沉降影响较大。
For the sediment siltation problem after the operation of Three Gorges, the sediment siltation characteristics of Three Gorges Reservoir Area are analyzed based on the measured data, and the flocculation effect of sediment under the hydrodynamics of Three Gorges Reservoir Area is simulated based on the indoor test. The results show that since the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir, the sediment inflow and outflow are in the trend of oscillating decrease, and the total siltation amount is increasing year by year; the annual average discharge ratio of Three Gorges Reservoir is 21.0%, and the overall decrease in the discharge ratio is influenced by many factors; the sediment siltation in the subsidence zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area is influenced by the slope and elevation, the smaller the slope, the larger the sediment siltation amount, and the higher the elevation, the smaller the siltation amount. In the indoor test, it is clear that under the corresponding hydrodynamic conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the sediment in the reservoir area can flocculate and settle rapidly in a short time, and the change of hydrodynamic conditions has a great influence on the flocculation and settlement of sediment particles in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
三峡库区 / 泥沙 / 淤积 / 消落带 / 絮凝 {{custom_keyword}} /
Three Gorges Reservoir Area / sediment / siltation / hydro-fluctuation belt / flocculation {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 三峡库区蓄水以来泥沙迁移量Tab.1 Sediment migration since impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area |
年份 | 入库泥沙量/亿t | 出库泥沙量/亿t | 淤积量/亿t | 排沙比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
2003(6-12月) | 2.080 | 0.840 | 1.240 | 40.4 |
2004 | 1.660 | 0.640 | 1.018 | 38.6 |
2005 | 2.540 | 1.030 | 1.510 | 40.6 |
2006 | 1.120 | 0.089 | 0.932 | 7.9 |
2007 | 2.204 | 0.509 | 1.695 | 23.1 |
2008 | 2.178 | 0.322 | 1.856 | 14.8 |
2009 | 1.830 | 0.360 | 1.470 | 19.7 |
2010 | 2.288 | 0.328 | 1.960 | 14.3 |
2011 | 1.016 | 0.069 | 0.950 | 6.8 |
2012 | 2.190 | 0.453 | 1.737 | 20.7 |
2013 | 1.268 | 0.328 | 0.940 | 25.9 |
2014 | 0.554 | 0.105 | 0.449 | 19.0 |
2015 | 0.320 | 0.043 | 0.278 | 13.3 |
2016 | 0.422 | 0.088 | 0.334 | 20.9 |
2017 | 0.344 | 0.032 | 0.312 | 9.4 |
2018 | 1.430 | 0.388 | 1.042 | 27.1 |
2019 | 0.685 | 0.094 | 0.591 | 13.7 |
均值 | 1.419 | 0.336 | 1.077 | 21.0 |
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